简介:烯烃易位反应已经被视为形成碳一碳键的一种重要手段,而近来出现的一种高活性、水溶性的催化剂将使这种反应更容易实现。由于烯烃易位已经广泛应用于工业生产,这种新型催化剂有望使相应的生产工艺变得更为环境友好且能降低其生产成本。在烯烃易位反应中,两个碳一碳双键通过反应而生成两个新的碳一碳双键,从而在工艺过程中实现了结合在碳原子上的取代基的交换。通过这种反应除了可以交换取代基外,还能用来实现环的闭合、双烯烃的生成以及聚合反应等。但这种反应必须依赖于催化剂,而直到最近,所有的水溶性催化剂都不够稳定,难以使易位反应在水溶液中高效率地进行。科学家在第二代的催化剂中加入了聚乙二醇(PEG)链。这一小小的改变却带来了催化剂化学性质的突变,使之能够溶解于水和许多有机溶剂中。
简介:Anewrapidprototypingsystemandresearchonitstechnicalparameter,AStressBasedWrinklingCriterion,Aboutlinearandquadratic'Solid-Shelrelementsatlargedeformations,Anorthotropicspecificdamagemodelwithinclusionconsideration,ANCORBOND:Aparadigmshift,Anisotropicbehaviorofaluminiumalloyssheets.
简介:AWaveguideSwitchDesignUsingElectromagneticBandgapSubstrates;Abradingofbabbittmetalmouldwithhighefficiency;ChillcastingoflocomotivedieselIODIO0cylinderliners;Complexevaluationofmaterialsformetalmolds;CurvedSiliconElectronics;Developmentofcurvedholemachiningwithelectrochemicalmachining(lstreport)-processingmethodbyactuator-lesstool;DevelopmentofCurvedHoleProcessingTechniqueUsingElectrochemicalMachining(2ndReport)-Controllabilityofcurvatureofmachinedcurvedhole-
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简介:Continuousshear-amethodforstudyingmaterialelementspassingastationaryshearplane;DesignofHardWaterStableEmulsifierSystemsforPctroleum-andBio-basedSemi-syntheticMetalworkingFluids;Dielifepredictioninrapidprototypedies;Evolutionofdiesurfacesduringrepeatedstretch-bendsheetsteeldeformation;F.E.M.characterizationofdamagclawparametersbyinversetechnique;
简介:Aninfraredmicroprocessorpyrometerwithdiaphragmaticoptics,DevelopmentofMeltingTechnologyforVolumeReductionofRadioactiveScrapMetals,Higherefficiencyindustrialfurnaces,Theelectrodemetalmeltingaadtransferatthecoatedelectrodesarcwelding(review),Theelectrodemetalmeltingandtransferatthecoatedelectrodesarcwelding(review).