简介:ThegrowthdetectsinNd:YCa4O(BO3)3(Nd:YCOB)crystalswereinvestigatedbytransmissionsynchrotrontopography.ItwasfoundthatgrowthstriationsweretheprimarydefectsinNd:YCOBcrystals.Grown-indislocations.mosaicblocksandinclusionswerealsoobseredinthecrystals.Theeffectoftemperaturefieldontheformationofgrowthdefectsinthecrystalswasdiscussed.
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简介:Ti-dopedW03filmswerepreparedbythemid-frequencydual-targetmagnetronsputteringmethod.ThestructureandelectrochromicpropertiesoftheTi-dopedWO3filmswereanalysedbyX-Raydiffraction(XRD),Ramanspectroscopy,spectrophotometer,cyclicchronoam-perometryandatomicforcemicroscopy(AFM).Theresultsindicatethatthecrystallinitydecreaseafterthedopingoftitanium,thechannelsforioninjectionandextractionincrease,therespondingspeedwith5.1%titaniumdopedbecomesfaster,anditscirclelifeincreasesmorethanfourtimescomparedwiththeundopedWOafilm.Inthecolouredstate,theW-O-Wbondsdecrease,buttheW=Obondsincrease.SincetheW-O-WbondsbreakdownforLi~+ions'injectionandmoreW=Obondsform,itismoreconvenienttoinjectLi~+ionsintotheTi-dopedfilmthanundopedfilmbecausemoreW-O-Wbondsbreakdowninthecolouredstate.