简介：Background:Interpersonalcoordinationisanessentialaspectofdailylife,andcrucialtoperformanceincooperativeandcompetitiveteamsports.Whileempiricalresearchhasinvestigatedinterpersonalcoordinationusingawidevarietyofanalyticaltoolsandframeworks,todateveryfewstudieshaveemployedmultifractaltechniquestostudythenatureofinterpersonalcoordinationacrossmultiplespatiotemporalscales.Inthepresentstudyweaddressthisgap.Methods:Weinvestigatedthedynamicsofasimpledyadicinterpersonalcoordinationtaskwhereeachparticipantmanuallycontrolledavirtualobjectinrelationtothatofhisorherpartner.Wetestedwhethertheresultinghand-movementtimeseriesexhibitsmulti-scalepropertiesandwhetherthosepropertiesareassociatedwithsuccessfulperformance.Results:Usingtheformalismofmultifractals,weshowthattheperformanceonthecoordinationtaskisstronglymulti-scale,andthatthemulti-scalepropertiesappeartoarisefrominteraction-dominantdynamics.Further,wefindthatthemeasureofacross-scaleinteractions,multifractalspectrumwidth,predictssuccessfulperformanceatthelevelofthedyad.Conclusion:Theresultsarediscussedwithrespecttotheimplicationsofmultifractalsandinteraction-dominanceforunderstandingcontrolinaninterpersonalcontext.

简介：这研究的PurposeThe目的是测试并且膨胀Marathoners规模(妈妈)模型的动机(主人et?al，1993).MethodsThe妈妈问询表被散布到306个男、女的马拉松跑步者(年龄范围：20-77年)，与在马拉松跑的经验(变化：1-44跑)。确定的因素分析(CFA)表明原来的模型没能适合数据。因此，探索因素分析(EFA)被执行为当前的数据测试最好的因素的解决方案，并且随后的CFA在修订因素的结构上被执行。然后，用最大的可能性的因素抽取方法的一系列EFA是模型数据的performed.ResultsThe最好结构答案合适导致了11个因素：心理copingemotional相关的处理、心理copingeveryday生活管理，生活意思，自尊，识别，联营，重量担心，一般健康orientationreduced疾病流行和长寿，一般健康orientationkeep适合，竞争，并且个人球门achievement.ConclusionThis学习为为身体上要求象马拉松跑，和需要那样的任务同样在研究被使用并且测试incorpora学习动机提供一个声音和稳固的框架

简介：运动评价髌(VISA-P)规模的BackgroundThe维多利亚式的研究所是过去常与膝盖骨的tendinopathy在运动员估计症状严厉的最条件特定的报导病人的结果措施。以前的探索因素分析被进行了评估规模维数，与不一致的结果，并且规模的因素结构仍然保持不清楚。现在的学习的目的是越过包括的sexes.MethodsThe学习用确定的因素分析(CFA)和测试测量不变性决定VISA-P规模的因素的结构有膝盖骨的tendinopathy的249个西班牙的运动员的一件便利样品。CFA被执行估计因素的有效性。假设1因素和2因素模型被测试。越过性的测量不变性用EQS6.1software.ResultsThe与几个合适的索引经由多组CFA被评估内部一致性系数0.74。几个CFA模特儿被检查，在为项目的错误，7和8被相关的1因素模型出现了可接受装入比较合适的索引(CFI)和goodness-of-fit索引(GFI)的术语统计(CFI=0.93；GFI=0.94；标准化根平均数平方residual=0.06；approximation=0.10的根均方差；90%信心间隔：0.08-0.13)。这个模型越过在为项目的错误，7和8被相关的VISA-P规模(VISA-P-Sp)的西班牙的版本的1因素模型表明了的sexes.ConclusionThe是不变的亲戚装入CFA。没有性偏爱，经由VISA-P-Sp获得的分数能在男人和女人之间被比较。进一步的研究应该并发地检验VISA-P规模和另外的单个分数的报导病人的结果措施。

简介：Background:Self-efficacyhasbeenidentifiedasanimportantdeterminantofyouth'sbehaviorchangeincludingphysicalactivity(PA)participation.However,thedimensionalitycheckofaPAself-efficacyscalehasrarelybeenconductedinChina.Thecurrentstudyaimstoexamine(1)theunidimensionalityofashortenedChineseversionofPAself-efficacyscale(S-PASESC);(2)themeasurementinvarianceofS-PASESCacrossgenderandlevelsofeducation;(3)thelatentfactormeandifferencebetweengenderandlevelsofeducation;(4)thedirecteffectsofself-efficacyonPAbydifferentgenderandeducationlevels;and(5)thecomparisonsofthedirecteffectsofself-efficacyonPAacrossgenderandeducationlevels.Methods:Theparticipantswere5ththrough11thgradepublicschoolstudentsrecruitedfrom7citieslocatedindifferentgeographicregionsofChina.Thefinaldataincludeatotalof3003participants(49.7%boys)whohavecompletedthescales.Results:Confirmatoryfactoranalysis(CFA)testsupportedtheunidimensionalityofS-PASESC.TheS-PASESCisinvariantacrossgenderand3levelsofeducationatbothconfigural,fullmetric,andfullscalarlevels.FindingsfromlatentmeancomparisonsshowedthatboysreportedhigherPAself-efficacythangirls.Students'perceivedPAself-efficacytendtodecreasefromelementarytohighschool.Finally,self-efficacypositivelyrelatedtoPAbygroupsofdifferentgenderandeducationlevelsandtherelationshipbetweenself-efficacyandPAisstrongeramongmiddleschoolboysthangirls.Conclusion:FindingssuggestS-PASESCisavalidscaleformeasuringChinesestudents'PAself-efficacy.