摘要
Asingeniousasnature'sinventionofmyelinsheathswithinthemammaliannervoussystemis,asfatalcanbedamagetothisspecializedlipidstructure.Long-termlossofelectricalinsulationandoffurthersupportivefunctionsmyelinprovidestoaxons,asseenindemyelinatingdiseasessuchasmultiplesclerosis(MS),leadstoneurodegenerationandresultsinprogressivedisabilities.Multiplelinesofevidencehavedemonstratedtheincreasinginabilityofoligodendrocyteprecursorcells(OPCs)toreplacelostoligodendrocytes(OLs)inordertorestorelostmyelin.Muchresearchhasbeendedicatedtorevealpotentialreasonsforthisregenerationdeficitbutdespitepromisingapproachesnoremyelination-promotingdrugshavesuccessfullybeendevelopedyet.InadditiontoOPCsneuralstemcellsoftheadultcentralnervoussystemalsoholdahighpotentialtogeneratemyelinatingOLs.Thereareatleasttwoneuralstemcellnichesinthebrain,thesubventricularzoneliningthelateralventriclesandthesubgranularzoneofthedentategyrus,andanadditionalsourceofneuralstemcellshasbeenlocatedinthecentralcanalofthespinalcord.Whileasubstantialbodyofliteraturehasdescribedtheirneurogeniccapacity,stilllittleisknownabouttheoligodendrogenicpotentialofthesecells,evenifsomeanimalstudieshaveprovidedproofoftheircontributiontoremyelination.Inthisreview,wesummarizeanddiscussthesestudies,takingintoaccountthedifferentniches,theheterogeneitywithinandbetweenstemcellnichesandpresentcurrentstrategiesofhowtopromotestemcell-mediatedmyelinrepair.
出版日期
2017年04月14日（中国期刊网平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）
