摘要
TheApollobutterfly,Parnassiusapollo(Linnaeus),wascommoninEuropeover100yearsago,butcurrentlyitisconsideredasnearthreatened.Differentconservationprogramshavepromotedthepersistenceofthisspecies;however,itisstillendangered.AnexampleofsuchprogramswastheactiondevotedtoreestablishtheApollobutterflypopulationinPieninyNationalPark(Poland)fromonly20-30individualswhichhadsurvivedtillthelastdecadeofthe20thcentury.Thisreintroductionhasbeensuccessful;however,unexpecteddevelopmentalproblemsappeared.Butterflieswithdeformedorreducedwingsbecamefrequentinthepopulationlivinginthenaturalhabitat,andparticularlyamongthoserearedunderseminaturalconditions(inthesameenvironment,butfencedbyanet).Untilrecently,reasonsforthesemalformationsremainedunknown.However,reportspublishedduringlastmonthsindicatedthattherearegenetic,biochemical,andmicrobiologicalfactorscontributingtothisphenomenon.Inthemalformedindividuals,lesionsinthewinglessgeneanddysfunctionsoflaccase1and2werefoundtobesignificantlymorefrequentthaninnormalinsects.AlargefractionofbutterflieswithdeformedorreducedwingswasdevoidoftheprokaryoticsymbiontWolbachia,whichwaspresentinmostnormalindividuals.Moreover,Yersiniapseudotuberculosis(Pfeiffer)SmithandThai,andSerratiasp.,bacteriapathogenictoinsects,weredetectedinthebiologicalmaterialfrombothnormalandmalformedbutterfliesfromthispopulation.Thesefindingsaresummarizedanddiscussedinthisreview,inthelightofconservationofinsectsandrestitutionoftheirpopulationsfromalownumberofindividuals.
出版日期
2019年03月13日（中国期刊网平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）
