摘要
Fromaneconomicpointofview,theindustrialecon-omyisefficienttoovercomesituationsofascarcityofgoods.Fromatechnologicalpointofview,theresourceefficiencyofthemanufacturingprocessesoftheindustrialeconomyhasbeenper-manentlyimprovedduringthelast200years.Inaddition,cleanerprocesseshavebeendeveloped.However,fromanecologicpointofview,anincreasingworldpopulationwithincreasingconsump-tionhasproduceda'globalfootprint'whichapproachesthecar-ryingcapacityoftheplanet.Acirculareconomyanditshigh-valuespin-offs-alakeeconomyandaperformanceorfunctionalserviceeconomy-canfulfilcustomers'needswithconsiderablylessresourceconsump-tion,lessenvironmentalimpairmentinproductionandconsidera-blylessend-of-lifeproductwaste,especiallyinsituationsofaf-fluence,whenaconsiderablestockofphysicalgoodsandinfra-structuresexists.Also,insituationsofascarcityofnaturalresources,bothen-ergyandmaterials,oftencharacterisedbyrapidlyrisingresourceprices,theeconomicactorsofacirculareconomyhaveahighcompetitiveadvantageovertheactorsoftheindustrialeconomy,duetomuchlowerprocurementcostsformaterialsandenergy.Fromasocialpointofview,acirculareconomyincreasesthenumberofskilledjobsinregionalenterprises.However,theshiftfromalinearmanufacturingeconomytoacircularorserviceeconomymeansachangeineconomicthinking,fromflow(throughput)managementtostock(asset)management:inamanufacturingeconomywithlargelyunsaturatedmarkets,totalwealthincreasesthroughaccumulationasresourcethrough-put(flow)istransformedintoahigherstockofgoodsofbetterquality(butinamanufacturingeconomywithlargelysaturatedmarkets,wealthrepresentedbythestockofgoodswillnolongerincrease);inacircularorserviceeconomy,totalwealthincreasesthroughasmartmanagementofexistingphysicalassets(stock)thatareadaptedtochangesinbothtechnology
出版日期
2007年04月14日（中国期刊网平台首次上网日期，不代表论文的发表时间）
