五、在英语中,有一些特殊的省略结构, 如:what/how about...? why not do...?等实际上已形成了习 惯用法。how/what about 后只跟名词、代词或动名词(短语);why not后只接动词原形。如:
1.how about the two of us________a walk down the garden?(met93)
a.to take b.take
c.taking d.to be taking
本题选c。
2.—i usually go there by train.
—why not_______by boat for a change? (nmet92)
a.to try going b.trying to go
c.to try and go d.try going
本题选d。
六、和前文重复的助动词或重复的主要动词也可省略(括号部分为省略的成分)。如:
1. you could have come and (you could have) told me.
2.please clean the classroom and (clean) the reading-room.
七、和前文重复的冠词、物主代词、指示代词及其它的限定词、介词和连词等也可省略(括号内的内容为 省略的成分)。如:
1.a man and (a) woman have just passed by.
2.please take good care of those books and (those) papers.
3.he lived in beijing and (in) shanghai for some time.
八、两个或两个以上被形容词修饰的同一名词,前边的常被省略;重复出现的形容词,后边的可以省略( 括号内容为省略成分)。如:
1.there were middle-aged (men) and elderly men to attendthe meeting.
2.we are young boys and (young) girls.
九、如果句意或上下文意思清楚,一般动词前的人称代词和形容词前的人称代词+be可被省略;词首的冠 词、物主代词、人称代词和助动词也可被省略(括号内容为省略的成份)。如:
1.(have you) seen tom?
2.(i) couldn't know this matter.
3.(i) hope to see you soon.
4.(i am) glad to see you.
5.(the) car's giving trouble again.
十、so,nor/neither 用来表示“……也一样”时,也用省略结构(括号内容为省略的成份)。如:
1.—i am a student.
—so am i (a student).
2.—we haven't been there.
—neither (nor) have we (been there).