简介：Intworecentstudiesofthededicationformulai(?)n.fmmnw.f,SayedTawfikandGüntherVittmannmentionveryfewexamplesinwhichitisemployedbyprivateindividuals.Tawfikstatesthattherareinstancesofthatkindarethoseinwhichthededicationismadetoone’sancestors,thoughthepassagehecitesfromtheautobiographyofChnumhotpeIIdoesnotconformtothatpattern.VittmannaddsCairoCG23019,anofferingtablewithtwoparallelformulaerecordingadedicationatthestaircasesofOsirisandWepwawetatAbydosinexchangeforfunerarywishesandofferings,andhealsoincludesanexamplefromMeir.

简介：MichaelHoffmandidagreatdealtotransform,perhapsevenrevolutionize,muchofthearchaeologicalenterpriseinEgypt,mostespeciallythearchaeologicalstudyofEgyptianprehistoryandtheemergenceofhistoricEgypt,beforehisuntimelydeath.Thegoals,methods,prioritiesandperspectivesofarchaeologistsaswellashistorianshavebeencatalyzedbyhisfieldwork,publications,andwidepresentationofhisresults.Itisnottoomuchtosaythattheconsciousnessofmanyofushasbeenraised,ouragendahaschanged,asaresultofhis"NewWorld-style"anthropologicallyandenvironmentallygroundedarchaeology

简介：Theemploymentofboth"bipartite"and"tripartite"nominalsentencepatternscontainingdemonstrativesofthen-seriesinMiddleEgyptian~1showsacharacteristicsufficientlyconsistenttowarrantthesuggestionthatasemanticconstraintisoperative:VIZ.,thatthosesentencesareemployedwithNPsthatare[-PERSON],not[+PERSON].Therefore,sentencessuchas~*R’/it.i/ink(pw)nn/nf(3)/n3/nwareexcluded.Inasentencesuc(?)asbit.ipwn3"Thisismycharacter/conduct"~2,bit.i"mycharacter/conduct"is[-PERSON],whereasonecouldnotsay,e.g.,~*s3.ipwn3"Thisismyson."Accordingtothishypothesis,allMiddleEgyptian