简介：<正>所谓3S技术即GPS、GIS、RS技术。GPS(全球定位系统)是英文缩写词NAVSTAR/GPS(NAVigationSystemTimeAndRanging/GlobalPositioningSystem)的简称。全称应为“测时测距导航系统/全球定位系统”。GPS是由美国研制,并投入实际应用的最新卫星定位系统。其主要目的是为飞机和船舶导航定位。也可以用于其它多种目的。GPS技术已在航空、航天、航海、军事、地质、石油、勘探、交通、测绘等领域得到广泛的应用。美国于1993年6月26日已将GPS21颗卫星和3颗备用卫星全部发射入轨。

简介：Airborne3DimagewhichintegratesGPS,attitudemeasurementunit(AMU),scanninglaserrangefinder(SLR)andspectralscannerhasbeendevelopedsuccessfully.ThespectralscannerandSLRusethesameopticalsystemwhichensureslaserpointtomatchpixelseamlessly.Thedistinctiveadvantageof3Dimageisthatitcanproducegeo_referencedimagesandDSM(digitalsurfacemodels)imageswithoutanygroundcontrolpoints(GCPs).ItisnolongernecessarytosurveyGCPsandwithsomesoftwaresthedatacanbeprocessedandproducedigitalsurfacemodels(DSM)andgeo_referencedimagesinquasi_real_time,therefore,theefficiencyof3Dimageis10～100timeshigherthanthatoftraditionalapproaches.Theprocessingprocedureinvolvesdecomposingandcheckingtherawdata,processingGPSdata,calculatingthepositionsoflasersamplepoints,producinggeo_referencedimage,producingDSMandmosaicingstrips.　Theprincipleof3Dimageisfirstintroducedinthispaper,andthenwefocusonthefastprocessingtechniqueandalgorithm.Theflighttestsandprocessedresultsshowthattheprocessingtechniqueisfeasibleandcanmeettherequirementofquasi_real_timeapplications.

简介：Severaldifferentstrategiesof3Dmodelingareadoptedfordifferentkindsofmanmadeobjects.Firstly,forthosemanmadeobjectswithregularstructure,if2Dinformationisavailableandelevationinformationcanbeobtainedconveniently,then3Dmodelingofthemcanbeexecuteddirectly.Secondly,forthosemanmadeobjectswithcomplicatedstructurecomparativelyandrelatedstereoimagespaircanbeacquired,inthelightoftopology-based3Dmodelwefinish3Dmodelingofthembyintegratingautomaticandsemi-automaticobjectextraction.Thirdly,forthemostcomplicatedobjectswhosegeometricalinformationcannotbegotfromstereoimagespaircompletely,weturntotopological3DmodelbasedonCAD.

简介：2005年11月23日，滦南县国土资源局对位于双龙河西侧，总面积为104亩的三宗海域使用权进行了公开拍卖。经过激烈竞价，底价分别为30元／亩年、22元/亩年、22元/亩年的三宗海域以196元/亩年、60元/亩年、58元/亩年成交。其中196元/亩年的拍卖价创出了历史新高。

简介：SegmentationandedgeregulationarestudieddeeplytoextractbuildingsfromDSMdataproducedinthispaper.Buildingsegmentationisthefirststeptoextractbuildings,andanewsegmentationmethod-adaptiveiterativesegmentationconsideringratiomeansquare-isproposedtoextractthecontourofbuildingseffectively.Asub-image(suchas50×50pixels)oftheimageisprocessedinsequence,theaveragegraylevelanditsratiomeansquarearecalculatedfirst,thenthresholdofthesub-imageisselectedbyusingiterativethresholdsegmentation.Thecurrentpixelissegmentedaccordingtothethreshold,theaver-agegraylevelandtheratiomeansquareofthesub-image.Theedgepointsofthebuildingaregroupedaccordingtotheazimuthofneighborpoints,andthentheoptimalazimuthofthepointsthatbelongtothesamegroupcanbecalculatedbyusinglineinterpolation.

简介：确切捕获三维(3D)一个目标的运动信息是在计算机视觉的一项必要、重要的任务，并且也是最困难的问题之一。在这篇论文，为从双目望远镜决定一个对象的3D运动参数的一个双目观察系统和一个方法定序图象被介绍。主要的步包括照相机刻度，匹配运动和立体声图象，3D特浙通讯并且解决运动参数。最后，由提及的方法基于真实双目望远镜顺序图象在直线与一致速度和加速获得对象的运动参数的试验性的结果被介绍。

简介：介绍了3G技术在现代物流管理中的应用，分析了3G技术在应用中存在的问题，同时提出3G技术的结合对物流信息系统的建立将起到推动作用。

简介：依据《中华人民共和国测绘法》、《测绘资格审查认证管理规定》和《(测绘资格证书)分级标准》，经测绘单位申请，各市(地)测绘管理办公室初审(含房产测绘业务范围的申请单位经省建设厅初审)，山西省测绘局批准，2003年度全省共38家单位取得《测绘资格证书》、6家单位进行测绘资格等级升级。

简介：全球的生物多样性持续下降,物种的灭绝速度逐渐加快,人类的生存环境和可持续发展受到严重威胁。有效的保护行动必须建立在先进的技术手段和准确的信息之上。以“3S”技术为特征的现代测绘技术、计算机技术,为生物多样性保护提供了技术基础。对于生物多样性保护和利用来说,生物多样性信息系统、全球定位系统和遥感技术是获取和传播正确信息、方便管理、利于决策的非常有用的工具。

简介：Theresearchworkhasbeenseldomdoneaboutcloverleafjunctionexpressionina3-dimensionalcitymodel(3DCM).Themainreasonisthatthecloverleafjunctionisofteninacomplexandenormousconstruction.Itsmainbodyisbestraddleinair,andhasaerialintersectionsbetweenitsparts.Thiscomplexfeaturemadecloverleafjunctionquitedifferentfrombuildingsandterrain,therefore,itisdifficulttoexpressthiskindofspatialobjectsinthesamewayasforbuildingsandterrain.Inthispaper,authorsanalyzespatialcharacteristicsofcloverleafjunction,proposeanall-constraintpointsTINalgorithmtopartitioncloverleafjunctionroadsurface,anddevelopamethodtovisualizecloverleafjunctionroadsurfaceusingTIN.Inordertomanagecloverleafjunctiondataefficiently,theauthorsalsoanalyzedthemechanismof3DCMdatamanagement,extendedBLOBtypeinrelationaldatabase,andcombinedR-treeindextomanage3Dspatialdata.Basedonthisextension,anappropriatedatastructur

简介：财务核算作为企业一项重要的管理活动，必须满足国家宏观管理对企业微观管理的要求。即正确、及时地反映企业的财务状况和经营成果。新的财务制度对企业会计核算的一般原则和规律进行了系统化、科学化的规范，使会计处理实务更接近于国际运行的会计惯例。在这种形势下，引进电子计算机这一现代化的辅助管理工具，充分发挥其作用，

简介：Thispaperdemonstratesanexperimentonthegenerationof3Dvirtualgeographicenvironmentonthebasisofexperimentalflightlaserscanningdatabyasetofalgorithmsandmethodsthatweredevelopedtoautomaticallyinterpretrangeimagesforextractinggeo-spatialfeaturesandthentoreconstructgeo-objects.Thealgorithmsandmethodsfortheinterpretationandmodelingoflaserscannerdataincludetriangulated-irregular-network(TIN)-basedrangeimageinterpolation;mathematical-morphology(MM)-basedrangeimagefiltering,featureextractionandrangeimagesegmentation,featuregeneralizationandoptimization,3Dobjectsreconstructionandmodeling;computergraphics(CG)-basedvisualizationandanimationofgeographicvirtualrealityenvironment.

简介：Dataacquisitionandmodelingarethetwoimportant,difficultandcostfulaspectsinaCybercityproject.2D-GISismatureandcanmanagealotofspatialdata.Thus3D-GISshouldmakethebestofdataandtechnologyof2D-GIS.ConstructionofausefulsyntheticenvironmentrequiresintegrationofmultipletypesofinformationlikeDEM,textureimagesand3Drepresentationofobjectssuchasbuildings.Inthispaper,themethodfor3Dcitylandscapedatamodelandvisualizationbasedonintegrateddatabasesispresented.Sincethedatavolumeofrasterareveryhuge,specialstrategies(forexample,pyramidgriddedmethod)mustbeadoptedinordertomanagerasterdataefficiently.Threedifferentmethodsofdataacquisition,theproperdatastructureandasimplemodelingmethodarepresentedaswell.Atlast,apilotprojectofShanghaiCybercityisillustrated.

简介：Basedonthearchitecturalsurveyprojectof“theChiLinNunneryRedevelopment'inHongKong,thispaperattemptstoinvestigatethetechniquesofbuilding3Ddigitaldocumentoflarge_scaletimberstructureandqualitycontrolduringconstructionbycomputer_based3Dsimulationforthewholeproject.Therewereseveralkeyissuesincludingprimarydataacquisition,3Dmodelinganddisplay,pre_assemblingthetotalbuildingandqualityexamination,etc.Inthispaper,someusefulexperiments,suchasthenewapplicationsofCCDdigitalcameras,imageandgraphprocessingsoftwarepackages(CAD,Photoshop,Photomodeler,Vexcel,etc.)tothearchitecturesarealsopresented.Thesemethodsintroducedinthispaperaresuitableforimageandgraphintegrateddatabasebuildingofcomplicatedarchitectures,andusefulforconvenientlymaintainingandreconstructingtheancientarchitectures.

简介：Thispaperintroducestheprocessofmaking3DvectorscenographofanancientbuildingwithlargequantitiesofdatawiththeaidofAutoCAD,whichdisplaystheeffectofscenerydrawings.ThevitalskillsandtechniqueinvolvedareillustratedthroughtheexampleofPagodaofThousandsofBuddhainChiLinNunneryinHongKong.Thisconstructionwasstartedin1996andfinishedin1999withtheconcretestructureinternalandwoodexternal,imitatingthestyleofbuildingsinTangDynasty.Thus,3Dvectorscenographbecomeavailabletousers.

简介：作者根据几年来使用GP1-3电子陀螺经纬仪定向的实测资料，对GP1-3电子陀螺经纬仪的定向精度作了分析。

简介：二维地理信息系统远远不能满足人们的要求，取而代之的是建立空间的立体的三维GIS。不规则四面体被认为是最简单的数据表示方法之一，本文就三维Delaunay剖分及其在GIS中的应用作了阐述。

简介：这是主要讨论CRNM的实现问题的论文的一个三部分的系列的期末考试。在系列的开始的二篇论文分别地介绍了当模特儿的背景和方法论。CRNM的全面体系结构在最后纸被建议了。根据上面讨论，为为一条轨道的地点点提供空间参考书的一个线性参考书方法(LRM)被开发。案例研究被介绍说明CRNM的应用程序因为在真实世界上为一个道路网络建模被给。Acomprehensive结论为报纸的系列被给。

简介：EngineeringexcavationGIS(E2GIS)isareal-3DGISservingforgeosciencesrelatedtogeo-engineering,civilengineeringandminingengineeringbasedongeneralizedtri-prism(GTP)model.AstwoinstancesofGTPmodel,G-GTPisusedforthereal-3Dmodelingofsubsurfacegeologicalbodies,andE-GTPisusedforthereal-3Dmodelingofsubsurfaceengineeringexcavations.InthelightofthediscussionsonthefeaturesandfunctionsofE2GIS,themodelingprinciplesofG-GTPandE-GTPareintroduced.Thetwomodelscoupletogetherseamlesslytoformanintegralmodelforsubsurfacespatialobjectsincludingbothgeologicalbodiesandexcavations.Anobject-orientedintegralreal-3Ddatamodelandintegralspatialtopologicalrelationsarediscussed.

简介：为适应科技进步和社会发展的需求，航测生产即由传统的模拟生产向数字化生产转变，产品形式也由单一的模拟图向以DLG、DEM、DOM为主体的数字产品转化。