简介:Byuseofgeostrophicmomentumapproximation,theanalyticalexpressionsofthewinddistributionwithintheplanetaryboundarylayerandtheverticalvelocityatthetopoftheboundarylayerareobtainedwhenthedistributionofeddytransfercoefficientkisdividedintothreesections:k1z(z0≤z
简介:A2m~3isothermalcloudchambermainlyforicenucleationresearchisdescribedinthispaper.Itsstructure,attachedinstrumentsandexperimentalproceduresarealsopresented.TheexperimentsofdeterminingtheicenucleieffectivenessfortheAgl-containingaerosolsproducedbythreeformulationshavebeenconductedandtheresultshavebeencomparedwiththoseoftheCSU960-literisothermalcloudchamber.Allexperimentalresultsshowthatthechamberhasadvantagesofstableperformanceandreproducibility.Itwouldbeexpectedtobecomeausefulexperimentalfacilityforicenucleationresearch.
简介:与东方中国夏天降雨(ECSR)联系的气候的特征在美国的大气的研究(NCAR)社区气候模型版本3的国家中心(CCM3)被检验,并且从1978年9月与演变时间的海表面温度(SST)跑到1993年8月。CCM3被显示捕获ECSR的突出的季节的特征。作为许多另外的气候模型,然而,有在CCM3的ECSR的一些不现实的设计。最不能接受的是西藏的高原和它的向东北的延期的东方圆周上的错误地加强的降水中心。人工的强壮的降雨中心被与降雨数据和欧洲人为中等范围的天气预报(ECMWF)分析集中的车站降雨数据,谢和Arkin(1996)的产品作比较相当估计(吉布森等,1997)。涉及降雨中心的形成的物理过程被讨论。初步的结论表明它是在引起重降雨的CCM3的过高估计的理智的加热在上并且在西藏的高原附近。在西藏的高原的东南和东北上的理智的加热赞成在东方中国上形成强大的副热带的反气旋的假强壮的表面。假冒的围住的副热带的反气旋中心让潮湿的西南风在西藏的高原的东方圆周上系住并且延长到它的东北。在中国的东南海岸,在副热带的反气旋的东南方面上定位,西南季风被东北风在一些情况中减少并且甚至代替了。因此,在CCM3,降水在西藏的高原和它的东北延期的东方圆周上被夸大并且在中国的东南海岸被低估。关键词东方中国夏天降雨-模型确认-副热带的反气旋-加热这研究的Diabatic被中国科学院在为联合气候的鈥?确认的百才能鈥?建模的资助鈥?下面赞助鈥?和国家天赋中国(资助No.49823002)的科学基础,并且国际机场革新资金(号码8-1204)。
简介:Thethirdalgorithmintercomparisonproject(AIP-3)involvedrainestimatesfrommorethan50satelliterainfallalgorithmsandgroundradarmeasurementswithintheIntensiveFluxArray(IFA)overtheequatorialwesternPacificwarmpoolregionduringtheTropicalOceanGlobalAtmospherecoupledOcean-AtmosphereResponseExperiment(TOGACOARE).Earlyresultsindicatedthattherewasasystematicbiasbetweenrainratesfromsatellitepassivemicrowaveandgroundradarmeasurements.Themeanrainratefromradarmeasurementsisabout50%underestimatedcomparedtothatfrompassivemicrowave-basedretrievalalgorithms.ThispaperisdesignedtoanalyzerainpatternsfromtheFloridaStateUniversityrainretrievalalgorithmandradarmeasurementstounderstandphysicallytheraindiscrepancies.Resultsshowthatthereisaclearrange-dependentbiasassociatedwiththeradarmeasurements.However,thisrange-dependentsystematicalbiasisalmosteliminatedwiththecorrectedradarrainrates.Resultssuggestthattheeffectsfromradarattenuationcorrection,calibrationandbeamfillingarethemajorsourcesofraindiscrepancies.ThisstudydemonstratesthatrainretrievalsbasedonsatellitemeasurementsfrompassivemicrowaveradiometerssuchastheSpecialSensorofMicrowaveImager(SSM/I)arereliable,whilerainestimatesfromgroundradarmeasurementsarecorrectable.
简介:SurfaceO3concentrationanditsprecursorshavebeenobservedatLongfengshanstation,HeilongjiangProvinceforaperiodofoneyearfromAugust13,1994toJuly30,1995.RelationshipbetweensurfaceO3andthemeteorologicalconditionsduringthisperiodisanalyzedinthisstudy.ObservationresultsshowthatdiurnalvariationofsurfaceO3followsapatternofdouble-peakswithamplitudeof27—28ppbunderfinedaysinsummerandautumn.Althoughthediurnalvariationissmall(14ppb),itisstilldetectablewhenitisovercast.DiurnalvariationofO3isirregularunderrainydays.SurfaceO3concentrationriseswhenwindspeedstartstoincreaseat0800BT(BeijingTime)from0to6ms-1inautumn,winterandsummer.RelativehighsurfaceO3concentrationisnoticedfrequentlywhenS,SSW,SWandWSWwindareencounteredatthestationduringallseasons.At0800BTand1400BTthesurfaceO3concentrationincreaseswiththeincreaseofglobalradiationaccordinglyduringfinedaysinwinter,springandautumn.DuringfinedaysaveragepeakofO3concentrationinsummeris20ppbhigherthanthatinwinterwhiletheaveragepeakofglobalradiationinsummerisalmosttwiceashighasthatinwinter.TheaveragesurfaceO3concentrationunderfinedaysinautumnatLongfengshanstationis14ppblowerincomparisontotheobservationresultsfromLin’anstationwhereLin’anisataboutthesamelongitudeandlowerlatitude,withsameenvironment,whichismainlycausedbythedifferenceofglobalradiationduetodifferentlatitudesinthesetwoareas(differenceofaveragepeakglobalradiationabout100Wm-2).