简介：这研究在中国调查在夏天降雨之间的统计连接，使用欧亚的融雪水等价物(SWE)驻扎的从513的夏天降雨观察的数据集并且在在从1979～2004的时期期间的NCEP/NCAR分析的前面的春天，观察卫星的融雪水等价物，和大气循环变量。开始的二个联合模式被使用单个价值分解(SVD)识别方法。春天SWE可变性的领先的SVD模式在西藏的高原和东亚的一些小区域与相反的异例在大多数欧亚大陆显示出协调负异常。模式显示强壮内部年度可变性，迭加在上一内部发生在1980年代末的十的变化，与坚持的否定阶段在19791987并且经常的积极阶段以后。当领先的模式在它的积极阶段时，它在整个大多数欧亚大陆在春天对应于更少的SWE。同时，在西藏的高原和东亚，在南方的夏天降雨和东南中国的一些小区域的过多的SWE趋于被增加，而它将在黄河的起来到达被减少。在里面最近二十年，在欧亚大陆的减少的春天SWE可以在南方和东南中国是为在诺思和东北中国和更多重要降雨事件的严重干旱的原因之一。春天SWE可变性的第二个SVD模式在西方、东方的欧亚大陆出现在空间变化对面，当大多数西藏的高原和东亚在阶段时。这个模式显著地在诺思和东北中国与成功的夏天降雨相关，少些也就是说在东方欧亚大陆和西藏的高原在西方的欧亚大陆和过多的SWE触发SWE趋于在诺思和东北中国与减少的夏天降雨被联系。

简介：Borealwintertimeextratropicalcirculationisstudiedinrelationtothetropicalconvectionduringthe1982/83ElNinoand1988/89LaNina.Theanomalystructureof1982/83and1988/89overtheextratropicsrevealsremarkablydifferentfeaturesasthelongitudinaltropicalforcingregionchanges.TheRossbywavesource(Positive)showsthelargestmaximumoverEastAsiainbothyearsduetothepersistentheatingfromthewesternPacificwarmpoolarea.However,thesinktermshowscontrastingfeaturesoverthesubtropicsandextratropicsbetweenthetwoyears.IntheElNinoyear,enhancedtropicalconvectionovertheeasternPacificproducestheRossbywavesinkat10°NandshiftedeastwardovertheNorthPacific,whileintheLaNinayear,thesinkareaisshiftedwestwardovertheNorthPacific.Thecontrastingfeaturesbetweenthetwoeventsinmean-eddyinteractionappearsespeciallyoverthedownstreamareaoftheEastAsianJet.Theextension(retraction)ofthemeanfloweastward(westward)totheeast(west)ofthedatelineisrelatedwiththeeffectofthewestward(eastward)E-vectorandthestrengthening(weakening)ofthenegativeanomaliesofthebarotropicgrowthofkineticenergy.Hence,almostoppositecharacteristicsbetweenthetwoeventscanexplainthecloserelationshipoftropicalconvectionandtheextratropicalinternalvariability.

简介：Thispaperanalyzedthevariationsoflatentheatflux(LHF)overthetropicalPacificintheperiod1978-1988byusingCOADS(ComprehensiveOceanandAtmosphericDataSet).IthasbeenfoundedthattheinterannualvariabilityofLHFexhibitsstrongENSOsignal,withthesignificantincreasingLHFduringtherecenttwowarmevents,i.e.,1982/83and1986/87anddecreasingLHFinthecoldepisodes.HoweverthelongitudinaldistributionoftheLHFdeparturesvariesfromeventtoevent.IntheeasternPacific,thespecifichumiditydifferenceatair-seainterface(qs-qa)makesadominantcontributiontotheinterannualvariabilityofLHF(r=0.73),whileinthewesternPacificthesurfacewindspeed,Wandtheqs-qamakenearlyequalcontributiontothatofLHF.

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简介：用从1998～2013的大气的观察数据，驻扎降雨数据，TRMM(热带降雨测量使命)为高原旋涡的数据，以及年度统计并且砍线，持续离开高原旋涡(SDPV)的联合活动特征和西南旋涡(SWV)被分析。一些新、有用的观察事实和理解关于旋涡的二种类型的联合活动被获得。结果显示出那：(1)二个旋涡的联合活跃时期从5月到8月，并且主要在6月和7月。(2)合伙的SDPV主要在Zaduo附近发源，当SWV来自Jiulong时。(3)大多数二个旋涡几乎搬进来一样的方向，动人和低马槽东方。SDPV主要在区域行动到长江的北方，当SWV越过长江山谷是位于的时。(4)二个旋涡的联合活动经常生产持续地区性的重降雨到黄河的南方，影响中国的宽区域，并且甚至远及朝鲜半岛，日本和越南。(5)大多数二个旋涡是baroclinic或冷旋涡，并且他们两个都变得以他们的联合活动加强了。(6)当二个旋涡在海上移动时，他们的中央压力下降，他们的降雨增加，特别为SWV。(7)当在中国的东方、南部的海有热带气旋时，二个旋涡可能同时在一样的区域上旋转，或移动向南方一起如果热带气旋出现，接近海南岛。

简介：Aregionalsurfacecarbondioxide(CO_2)fluxinversionsystem,theTan-Tracker-Region,wasdevelopedbyincorporatinganassimilationschemeintotheCommunityMultiscaleAirQuality(CMAQ)regionalchemicaltransportmodeltoresolvefine-scaleCO_2variabilityoverEastAsia.Theproperorthogonaldecomposition-basedensemblefour-dimensionalvariationaldataassimilationapproach(POD-4DVar)isthecorealgorithmforthejointassimilationframework,andsimultaneousassimilationsofCO_2concentrationsandsurfaceCO_2fluxesareappliedtohelpreducetheuncertaintyininitialCO_2concentrations.ApersistencedynamicalmodelwasdevelopedtodescribetheevolutionofthesurfaceCO_2fluxesandhelpavoidthe'signal-to-noise'problem;thus,CO_2fluxescouldbeestimatedasawholeatthemodelgridscale,withbetteruseofobservationinformation.Theperformanceoftheregionalinversionsystemwasevaluatedthroughagroupofsingle-observation-basedobservingsystemsimulationexperiments(OSSEs).TheresultsoftheexperimentssuggestthatareliableperformanceofTan-Tracker-Regionisdependentoncertainassimilationparameterchoices,forexample,anoptimizedwindowlengthofapproximately3h,anensemblesizeofapproximately100,andacovariancelocalizationradiusofapproximately320km.Thisisprobablyduetothestrongdiurnalvariationandspatialheterogeneityinthefine-scaleCMAQsimulation,whichcouldaffecttheperformanceoftheregionalinversionsystem.Inaddition,becauseallobservationscanbeartificiallyobtainedinOSSEs,theperformanceofTan-Tracker-RegionwasfurtherevaluatedthroughdifferentdensitiesoftheartificialobservationnetworkindifferentCO_2fluxsituations.TheresultsindicatethatmoreobservationsiteswouldbeusefultosystematicallyimprovetheestimationofCO_2concentrationandfluxinlargeareasoverthemodeldomain.TheworkpresentedhereformsafoundationforfutureresearchinwhichathoroughestimationofCO_2fluxvariability

简介：基于三个全球年度吝啬的表面温度时间系列和三个中国年度平均数表面空气温度时间系列，多重timescales上的气候变化趋势被使用多滑动的时间窗户的趋势评价方法分析。结果被用来在1998-2012期间讨论所谓的全球温暖的中断。不同开始和结束时间在趋势评价的结果上有明显的效果，这被表明，并且当使用一扇短窗户时，含意特别地大。全球温暖的中断在1998-2012期间是在短timescales上看温度系列的结果；并且类似于它的事件，或有甚至冷的趋势的事件，实际上历史上多次发生了。因此，全球温暖的中断是可能的是长期的温度变化的一个期刊特征。它主要在短学期反映温度，和如此的现象的十的可变性不从长远的观点看改变全面温暖趋势。

简介：Inthisstudy,weanalyzedthedynamicalevolutionofthemajor2012–2013NorthernHemisphere(NH)stratosphericsuddenwarming(SSW)onthebasisofERA-InterimreanalysisdataprovidedbytheECMWF.Theintermittentupward-propagatingplanetarywaveactivitiesbeginninginlateNovember2012ledtoaprominentwavenumber-2disturbanceofthepolarvortexinearlyDecember2012.However,nomajorSSWoccurred.InmidDecember2012,whenthepolarvortexhadnotfullyrecovered,amixtureofpersistentwavenumber-1and-2planetarywavesledtogradualweakeningofthepolarvortexbeforethevortexspliton7January2013.EvolutionofthegeopotentialheightandEliassen-Palmfluxbetween500and5hPaindicatesthatthefrequentoccurrenceoftroposphericridgesoverNorthPacificandthewestcoastofNorthAmericacontributedtothepronouncedupwardplanetarywaveactivitiesthroughoutthetroposphereandstratosphere.AftermidJanuary2013,thewavenumber-2planetarywavesbecameenhancedagainwithinthetroposphere,withadeepenedtroughoverEastAsiaandNorthAmericaandtworidgesbetweenthetroughs.Theenhancedtroposphericplanetarywavesmaycontributetothelong-lastingsplittingofthepolarvortexinthelowerstratosphere.The2012–2013SSWshowscombinedfeaturesofbothvortexdisplacementandvortexsplitting.Therefore,theanomaliesoftroposphericcirculationandsurfacetemperatureafterthe2012–2013SSWresembleneithervortex-displacednorvortex-splitSSWs,butthecombinationofallSSWs.TheremarkabletroposphericridgeextendingfromtheBeringSeaintotheArcticOceantogetherwiththeresultingdeepenedEastAsiantroughmayplayimportantrolesinbringingcoldairfromthehighArctictocentralNorthAmericaandnorthernEurasiaatthesurface.