简介：基于在里面situ在中国的Bohai海的光大小，属于一个典型case-2水区域，我们学习了象它的空间分发那样的DCM(深叶绿素最大值)的特征，垂直侧面，等等。我们发现当叶绿素最大值的深度是比较地小的时，甚至在混浊的沿海的水区域，总是在蓝绿色的光谱带在叶绿素最大值和收到thesatellite的信号的集中之间有好关联；关联在表面叶绿素集中和收到卫星的信号之间比那甚至好。如果在中国的Bohai海的叶绿素集中的竖直分布的全面知识是可得到的，甚至在混浊的沿海的水区域存在的强壮的关联显示检索DCM的集中的一张海洋分涂参考图能为沿海的水被构造。

简介：因为他们是为计划的很重要的参数，重要波浪高度(SWH)和海表面风速度的气候学是气象学和海洋学的领域里的担心的事近海结构和轮船路由。TOPEX/Poseidon高度表，从1992年9月收集了数据大约13年到2005年10月，在大多数世界海洋上测量了SWH和表面风速度。在这份报纸，全球空间与时间的分布的研究和SWH和海表面风速度的变化用TOPEX/Poseidon高度表数据集合被进行。变化的范围和特征是分析份量上为和平，大西洋，和印度洋。不平的波浪和大海表面风的区域正是局部性的，并且在SWH之间的关联和海表面风速度分析了。

简介：Themixingcharacteristicsofparticlessuchasdredgedsedimentofvariablesizedischargedintocrossflowarestudiedbya3Dnumericalmodel,whichisdevelopedtomodeltheparticle-fluidtwo-phaseflow.TheEulerianmethodwiththemodifiedk-εparameterizationofturbulenceforthefluidphaseisusedtosolvefluidphase,whileaLagrangianmethodforthesolidphase(particles),boththeprocessesarecoupledthroughthemomentumsources.Inthemodelthewaketurbulenceinducedbyparticleshasbeenincludedasadditionalsourceterminthek-εmodel;andthevariabledriftvelocitiesoftheparticlesaretreatedefficientlybytheLagrangianmethodinwhichtheparticlesaretrackedexplicitlyandthediffusionprocessisapproximatedbyarandomwalkmodel.Thehydrodynamicbehaviorofdumpingacloudofparticlesisgovernedbythetotalbuoyancyofthecloud,thedragforceoneachparticleandthevelocityofcross-flow.Thecomputedresultsshowaroughlylinearrelationshipbetweenthedisplacementofthefrontalpositionandthelongitudinalwidthoftheparticlecloud.Theparticlesizeinthecloudandthevelocityofcrossflowdominatetheflowbehavior.Thecomputedresultsarecomparedwiththeresultsoflaboratoryexperimentsandsatisfactoryagreementisobtained.

简介：从淡水的溶解有机物(DOM)，中间咸度，并且在Jiulong河河口的海水endmember样品，中国是用有10-kDa膜的跨流动的ultrafiltration的fractionated。胶体的有机物(COM；10kDa-0.22m)retentate，低分子的重量(LMW)DOM(<10kDa)渗入，并且体积样品用吸收光谱学和三维的荧光excitation-emission-matrix光谱学被分析。COM的紫外可见的系列很类似于获得为的那些渗入并且体积样品，与增加波长monotonically减少。大多数发色团的DOM(CDOM，表示了为吸收系数一355)发生在LMW部分，当在胶体的部分的CDOM的百分比比在海水endmember(6.8%)在淡水endmember(13.4%总数)是实质地更高的时。当有COM部分的移动和在中间咸度的样品的permeate部分的并发的增加时，体积CDOM在河口显示出保守混合行为，暗示胶体的CDOM的部分被转变成LMWCDOM。二个象腐殖一样部件(C1：<250，325/402nm；并且C2：265，360/458nm)并且一个像蛋白质的部件(C3：275/334nm)用平行因素分析被识别。分别地，到体积样品的COM部分的C1，C2，和C3部件的贡献是2.5%8.7%，4.8%12.6%，和7.4%14.7%揭示那荧光灯DOM主要在LMW部分发生在Jiulong河河口。在retentate的C1和C2部件并且渗入样品显示出保守混合行为，而是C2/C1的紧张比率比的在retentate是更高的在为所有咸度样品的permeate部分，证明腐殖的部件是更多比fulvic部件在COM充实。C3/(C1+C2)的紧张比率比在permeate部分为在retentate是高得多的中间咸度并且海水样品，表明像蛋白质的部件是相对，更多比象腐殖一样部件在COM充实。到在为海水endmember在淡水endmember从14%增加到72%的retentate的全部的荧光的像蛋白质的部件(C3)的贡献取样，清楚地在混合COM的过程的河口期间与像蛋白质的部件相比由象腐殖一样部件显示优势的变化。

简介：Thispaperdiscussesnumericalresultsfromthree-dimensionallargeeddysimulationsofanoscillatingcylinderunderprescribedmovementsinuniformflow.Sixcases,namelypurein-line,purecross-flowandtwogroupsof'FigureofEight'oscillationpatternsareunderinvestigationatReynoldsnumberRe=24000.The'FigureofEight'patternineachgroupiswithidenticalshapebutoppositeorbitaldirections.Thenumericalresultsonhydrodynamicforces,higherorderforcecomponents,andvortexsheddingmodesareextensivelystudiedandcomparedwiththemeasuredexperimentaldata.Itisfoundthatthefluidforceinphasewiththevelocity,whichrepresentstheenergytransferbetweenthefluidandthecylinder,hasoppositesignanddifferentmagnitudeduetotheoppositeorbitaldirection.Higherorderforcecomponentsincross-flowdirectionarefoundtooccuratoddnumbertimesoftheoscillatingfrequency,whileevennumbersdominatethehigherorderforcecomponentsinin-linedirection.The2Cand2Tvortexsheddingmodesarewellreproducedduetotheoppositeorbitaldirectioneffect.Comparisonsbetweennumericalandexperimentalresultsindicatethatthepresentnumericalmodelcouldbearationaltoolfortheidentificationofhydrodynamiccoefficientswhicharenormallyappliedinempiricalmodelstopredictthevortex-inducedvibrationsofslendermarinestructures.

简介：Thelong-termtimeseriesanalysisoftheSST(seasurfacetemperature)intheEasternEquatorialPacificOceanandthemonthlyMSL(meansealevel)inthetropicalPacificOceanisconducted.Theirquasiperiodicandlow-frequencyoscillationfeaturesarerevealed.Thesignificantperiodsoflow-frequencyfluctuationsformonthlyMSLintheareaof20°N-20°Sarebetween43.5monthsand50.0months,approximatingcloselyto47.6monthswhichisthesignificantperiodofSSTintheEasternEquatorialPacificOcean.Fromtheresultsofspace-spectralanalysis,thelow-frequencyfluctationsofmonthlyMSLinthetropicalPacificOceanappeartohaveaanticlockwisecircularly-propagatingpattern,whichis,theEasternPacificOcean(off-shoreofMexico)→theareaofNEC(NorthEquatorialCurrent)→theWesternEquatorialPacificOcean→theareaofNECC(NorthEquatorialCounter-Current)→theEasternEquatorialPacificOcean.ThephasesofthepatterncorrespondtothoseofElNinocycle.Onthebasis

简介：Inthiswork,westudythecoupledcross-flowandin-linevortex-inducedvibration(VIV)ofafixedlymountedflexiblepipe,whichisfreetomoveincross-flow(Y-)andin-line(X-)directioninafluidflowwherethemassandnaturalfrequenciesarepreciselythesameinbothX-andY-direction.Thefluidspeedvariesfromlowtohighwiththecorrespondingvortexsheddingfrequencyvaryingfrombelowthefirstnaturalfrequencytoabovethesecondnaturalfrequencyoftheflexiblepipe.Particularemphasiswasplacedontheinvestigationoftherelationshipbetweenin-lineandcross-flowvibration.Theexperimentalresultsanalyzedbyusingthesemeasurementsexhibitsseveralvaluablefeatures.

简介：Anexperimentalstudyonabareflexiblecylinderaswellascylindersfittedwithtwotypesofcross-sectionedhelicalstrakeswascarriedoutinatowingtank.Themainpurposeofthispaperistoinvestigatetheeffectsofstrakes'crosssectiononthevortex-inducedvibrations(VIV)suppressionofaflexiblecylinder.Thesquare-sectionedandroundsectionedhelicalstrakeswereselectedintheexperimentaltests.Theuniformcurrentwasgeneratedbytowingthecylindermodelsalongthetankusingatowingcarriage.TheReynoldsnumberwasintherangeof800–16000.Thestrainresponsesweremeasuredbythestraingagesincross-flow(CF)andin-line(IL)directions.Amodalanalysismethodwasadoptedtoobtainthedisplacementresponsesusingthestrainsignalsindifferentmeasurementpositions.Thecomparisonoftheexperimentalresultsamongthebarecylinder,square-sectionedstrakedcylinderandroundsectionedstrakedcylinderwasperformed.Thehelicalstrakescaneffectivelyreducethestrainamplitude,displacementamplitude,responsefrequenciesanddominantmodesofaflexiblecylinderexcitedbyVIV.Andthemeandragcoefficientsofstrakedcylinderswereapproximatelyconsistentwitheachother.Inaddition,thesquaresectionedandround-sectionedstrakesnearlysharethesimilarVIVreductionbehaviors.Sometimes,thestrakeswithround-sectionrepresentmoreexcellenteffectsontheVIVsuppressionofresponsefrequencythanthosewithsquaresection.