简介：热流动在2012在第5中国国家北极远征期间在洛莫诺索夫·理兹上被测量。为了导出时间温度，弯，抵抗力数据被resistivitytemperature节目转变到温度。直接的读和线性回归方法被用来计算平衡温度，它是对在沉积的探针的深度的regressed导出地热的坡度。然后，热流动作为地热的坡度的产品和沉积的热电导率被计算。热流动价值根据二个方法是类似的(即，67.27mW/m2和63.99mW/m2，分别地)。结果与大小在邻近的地点执行了一致。热流动模型预言的洛莫诺索夫·理兹的年龄是62妈，它根据山脉在大约60妈与欧亚大陆被分开的推理。

简介：用NCEP/NCAR分析数据，在NorthernHemisphere的热运输的变化被学习。有，这被发现内部在发情的十的变化从中纬度搬运到高纬度。变化内部在在120°E附近的经度上的十的热运输从有在约90°E上并且在东北太平洋上的那些的阶段。热运输的Theseasonal变化也被讨论。大多数热从中纬度在对流层的底层被搬运到高纬度，这被发现。Overaround120°E并且在约120°W上，越过32.5°N的热运输的季节、内部的年变化是明显的并且在里面阶段。

简介：-Inordertoemploycosteffectivefrequencydomainanalysisforoff-shorestructurestreatmentofhydrodynamicloadingisessential.Dragandinertiadominated,resonatingandantiresonatingcasesunderrandomseastatesareanalyzedtohighlighttheimplicationsandrelativemeritsoffoursalientlinearizationtechniques.

简介：Thecalculativemethodofheattransfercoefficientbetweenicecoverandwaterisanalyzedconsideringtheheatbalanceaticecoverbottomfirstly.Theheattransfercoefficientiscalculatedwiththemeteorological,oceanographicdataandseaiceconditionsmeasuredontheJZ20-2Oil/GasPlatformintheBohaiSeaduringthewinterof1997/1998.Fromtheresults,itisshownthattheheattransfercoefficientissmallerinthefreezingandmeltingperiods,whichisabout0.16×10-3and0.04×10-3respectively.Inthemiddleoficeseason,theheattransfercoefficienthasalargervalue,whichisabout0.5×10-3.Lastly,theinfluencesoficethicknessandicetypeontheheattransfercoefficientarediscussed.Withtheheattransfercoefficientdeterminedabove,theoceanicheatfluxinthewinterof1997～1998iscalculated,anditstrendinthewinterisanalyzed.ThisstudycanbereferencedintheseaicenumericalsimulationandpredictionintheBohaiSea.

简介：在海洋的上面的层的热分布被使用各种各样的典型因素学习了，一些重要低频率摆动(LFO)已经被发现并且确定。在这篇论文，“一个海区域的热中心”与一个简单方法被定义。然后全球海洋的上面的层的温度数据集(从在to400m下面的表面，1955-2003)被分析检测可能的LFO。不仅一些带的LFO，早被报导，而且垂直、南方的热分发的一些强壮的LFO被检测。类似的垂直摆动模式能在太平洋，大西洋和印度洋被发现，这应该被注意。从一些初步的研究的结果证明垂直LFO可能被太阳的发光异例引起。这研究可以帮助在全球海洋揭示一些未知动态过程并且可以也有益于另外的相关研究。

简介：Heatcontentoftheupperlayerabovethe20℃isotherminthetropicalPacificOceanisestimatedbyusingtheseatemperaturedatasetwitharesolution2°latitude×5°longitude(1980～1993)forthewaterdepths(every10m)from0mto400m,anditstemporalandspatialvariabilitiesareanalyzed.(1)ThetemporalvariabilityindicatesthatthetotalheatintheupperlayeroftheequatorialPacificOceanischaracterizedbytheinterannualvariability.Thetimeseriesoftheequatorialheatanomaly5monthsleadthatoftheElNinoindexatthebestpositivelagcorrelationbetweenthetwo,andtheformer13monthslagbehindthelatterattheirbestnegativelagcorrelation.ThereforetheequatorialheatcontentcanbeusedasabetterpredictorthantheElNinoindexforawarmorcoldevent.Inaddition,itisalsofoundthatlessheatanomalyintheequatorcorrespondstothestrongerwarmeventsintheperiod(1980～1993)andmuchmoreheatwasaccumulatedinthe4yearsincluding1992/1993ENSO(1989～1993)thanthe4yearsincluding1982/1983ENSO(1980～1983);(2)Thespatialvariabilityindicatesthattheareawiththehighestlagcorrelationamongthegridsmovesinananti-clockwisecircleinthenortherntropicalPacificOceanwithin4yearsperiodandinaclockwisecircleinthesoutherntropicalPacificOcean.Thisresultprovidesscientificevidenceforthequasi-cycletheoryofElNinoevents.

简介：Inthispaper,byusingtheECMWFobjectiveanalyseddataaswellasCACandNOAAgridpointdataof1981and1983,thesensibleandlatentheatfluxesattheairandseaboundarysurfacewithintherangeof45°E-75°W,35°N-35°SoverthePacificandtheIndianOceanarecalculated.Thepurposeistoanalysethedifferentrevealingfeaturesduringthematurestageandattheendofthe1982-1983ElNinoeventandtocomparethedifferenceofthefeaturesbetweenthdElNinoandthenormal.TheresultshowsthattheairandseaheatexchangewestofthedatelineoverthecentraltropicalPacificduringtheEJNinoperiodismoreintensethanthatofthenormal.However,thefluxesofthesensibleandlatentheatontheseasurfacewithstrongwarmingofSSTneatbyandonthesouthsideoftheequatoreastof170°Warelowandevennegative,andthepatternsofthesensibleandlatentheatfluxesovertheIndianOceanduringtheyearof1983aresimilertothatofnormal.Spatialpatternsofthesensible

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简介：Almosthalfoftheoceanicwatercolumnsexhibitdouble-diffusion.Theimportanceofdouble-diffusioninglobaloceans'saltandheatfluxes,water-massformationandmixing,andcirculationisincreasinglyrecognized.However,suchanimportantphysicalprocessintheoceanhasnotbeenwellstudied.Oneofthereasonsisthedifficultyofparameterizingandquantifyingtheprocesses.Thepaperpresentedhereattemptstoquantifythedouble-diffusivefluxesofsaltandheatintheocean.Previousqualitativeanalysisbyapplyingthewater-massTurnerangle,mTu,totheNorthPacificIntermediateWater(NPIW)layershowedafavorableconditionforsalt-fingeringintheupperNPIWduetotheoverlyingwarm/saltywaterabovethecold/freshNPIWcore,andadoubly-stableconditioninthelowerNPIWwherepotentialtemperaturedecreaseswithdepthwhilesalinityincreases,inducingdoublestratificationwithrespecttobothpotentialtemperatureandsalinity.Thepresentstudygivesaquantitativeestimateofdouble-diffusivefluxesofsaltandheatcontributedbysalt-fingeringintheupperNPIWlayer.

简介：Basedonthelong-termbuoydatafromtheTropicalAtmosphereOcean(TAO)arrayduringtheTOGA(TropicalOceanandGlobalAtmosphere)Program(1980-1996),thepropagationactingoftheEquatorialplanetarywavesontheWesternEquatorialPacificwarmpoolheatisanalyzed.ResultsshowthatthezonalheattransmissionintheWesternEquatorialPacifictakespalacemainlyinthesubsurfacewaterandspreadseastwardsalongthethermocline;whiletheseasonalwestward-spreadingheatchangestructureoccursinthemixedlayersinthemiddleandwesternPacific.Thestanding-formtransmissioninthewesternPacificappearsinthethermoclinelayer,whileintheeasternpacific,itexistsinthemixedlayeraswellasinthethermoclinelayer.Thestanding-formandeastward-spreadingsignofzonalheattransmittingintheupperwaterispredominantandstrong,andthewestwardsignisweak.ThecomponentforceofKelvinEquatorialwavepressurerunsthroughthewesternandeasternEquatorialpacific,andtransmitsheatenergyeastwards.AndtheheattransmittedbyzonalcurrentcomponentoccursmostlyinthewesternPacific;TheheattransmittedbythecomponentforceofRossbywavepressuremainlyappearsintheeasternandmiddleareasofthePacific,whilethezonalcurrentcomponenttransmittingoccursmainlyinthewesternPacific;Mixed-Rossbygravitywave'sactiononthezonalcurrentisstrongerthanthatofthethermoclinelayer.Inthemeanstate,thestandingwavemodelofEquatorialPacificuplayeroceantemperatureconfinesthetransportofwesternPacificwarmpoolheattotheeasternPacific.Underabnormalconditions,thestandingwavemodelofEquatorialPacificuplayeroceantemperatureweakens,theeastwardlytransmittingmodelenhances,andsubsequentlytheElNinoeventoccurs.

简介：Thispaperdealsmainlywithetiology,pathology,sympotomatology,harmfulness,preventivemeasuresandtreatmentoflarvalmycosis(causedbyLagenidiumsp.)andofciliatedisease(causedbyZoothamniumsp.)ofpenaeidshrimplarvae.

简介：现在的学习被承担决定紧张超声是否高能减少虾变应原的过敏性质。减少这些变应原的引起过敏症的性质将对过敏个人有益。虾蛋白质摘录和虾肌肉的样品被高紧张的超声对待，水为不同时间时期在0℃or50℃洗澡。对待，未经治疗的样品然后被SDS页，西方的污点和竞争性抑制ELISA(Ci-ELISA)分析决定虾allergenicity。Theresults表演当摘录在0℃被对待时，那高紧张的超声没在allergenicity上有效果。然而，重要减少在主要的虾变应原的水平被观察，钢笔一1，当样品在50℃被对待时。在allergenicitywithCi-ELISA的决心，在IgE绑定的减小也被观察。

简介：Heatshockproteins(HSPs),suchasHSP70andHSP90,areasuiteofhighlyconservedproteinsproducedinallcellularorganismswhentheyareexposedtostresses.Inaquaticanimals,theyhavebeenprovedtoplayimportantrolesinresponsetoenvironmentalpollutantsandparticularlyinthenon-specificimmuneresponsestopathogeninfections.Inthepresentstudy,theexpressionprofilesofHSP70andHSP90genesinhemocytesandhepatopancreasfromtheridgetailwhiteprawnExopalaemoncarinicaudainfectedwithWSSVandVibrioanguillarumweredetectedusingreversetranscriptionpolymerasechainreaction(RT-PCR).AfterWSSVchallenge,theexpressionlevelofHSP70genetranscriptsinthehemocytesandhepatopancreasincreasedtopeaklevelat6hand48h,respectively.HSP90genetranscriptsinhemocytesandhepatopancreaswereup-regulatedsignificantlyat12hand6h,respectively.DuringV.anguillarumchallenge,themRNAcontentofHSP70geneinhemocytesandhepatopancreasincreasedsignificantlyat12hand6hpost-infection,respectively.TheexpressionlevelofHSP90genebothinhemocytesandhepatopancreaswereup-regulatedinthefirst3h.TheexpressionpatternsofHSP70andHSP90genesinhemocytesandhepatopancreasshowedtemporalandspatialdifferencesafterchallengedwithWSSVandV.anguillarum.TheresultssuggestedthatHSPsmightbeinvolvedinimmuneresponsestopathogenschallengeinE.carinicauda.

简介：

简介：Understandingofthetemporalvariationofoceanicheatcontent(OHC)isoffundamentalimportancetothepredictionofclimatechangeandassociatedglobalmeteorologicalphenomena.However,OHCcharacteristicsinthePaci

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简介：参予联合模型Intercomparison工程的十七个模型分阶段执行5(CMIP5)活动在他们华南海(SCS)海洋热内容(OHC)的历史的模拟上被比较在上面300m。Ishiis温度数据，基于世界海洋数据库2005(WOD05)并且世界海洋地图集2005(WOA05)，被用来由比较季节的OHC的空间模式估计模型表演异例(OHCa)气候学，OHC气候学，每月的OHCa气候学，并且OHCa的interannual可变性。在数据设置了的Ishiis的空间模式证明季节的SCSOHCa气候学，两个在冬季和夏天，被风压力和当前的发行量强烈在SCS和它的附近的区域影响。然而，CMIP5适当地为现在的相当不同的空间模式和仅仅一些模型建模在Ishiis捕获主导的特征模式。在他们之中，GFDL-ESM2G具有最好的表演。SCSOHC气候学在上面300m在不同模型极大地变化。他们中的大多数比从Ishiis数据计算的那些伟大得多。然而，在每17个CMIP5模型的每月的OHCa气候学在Ishiis作为那产出类似的变化和大小。至于interannual可变性，在大多数模型的OHCa时间系列的标准差比在Ishiis的那些有点大。在从每17个模型的IshiisOHCa和那的interannual时间系列之间的关联不是令人满意的。在他们之中，BCC-CSM1.1有最高的关联到Ishiis，与大约0.6的一个系数。

简介：ExplosionforthetreatmentofunderwatersoftfoundationisatechniquenewlydevelopedinChina.ThispaperdescribestheapplicationofthemethodofexplosiontounderwatersoftfoundationtreatmentoftheGreat-WestDyke,LianyungangPort,includingthetechnicalcharacteristicsandtheeffect,selectionofexplosionparameters,workmanshipofconstruction,requirementsofqualityandinspection,andthelike.

简介：Biochemicalmechanismofformingtheredtideisdiscussedinthispaper.Theexistenceofalargenumberofnitratesandphosphatesintheeutrophicwateristheprerequisiteofexplosiveincreaseofalgaeandtheformingofredtide.Reductionofeutrophicationisanimportantapproachtopreventingtheredtide.Themethodofdeeptreatmentofthewastewateranditsdenitrificationanddephosphorizationareintroduced,andanewopinionontheredtideformationandfundamentalpreventionisputforward.

简介：Newsatellite-derivedlatentandsensibleheatfluxesareperformedbyusingWindSatwindspeed,WindSatseasurfacetemperature,theEuropeanCentreforMedium-rangeWeatherForecasting(ECMWF)airhumidity,andECMWFairtemperaturefrom2004to2014.The55mooredbuoysareusedtovalidatethembyusingthe30minand25kmcollocationwindow.Furthermore,theobjectivelyanalyzedair-seaheatfluxes(OAFlux)productsandtheNationalCentersforEnvironmentalPrediction-NationalCenterforAtmosphericResearchreanalysis2(NCEP2)productsarealsousedforglobalcomparisons.ThemeanbiasesofsensibleandlatentheatfluxesbetweenWindSatfluxresultsandbuoyfluxdataare–0.39and–8.09W/m~2,respectively.Inaddition,therootmean-square(RMS)errorsofthesensibleandlatentheatfluxesbetweenthemare5.53and24.69W/m~2,respectively.TheRMSerrorsofsensibleandlatentheatfluxesareobservedtograduallyincreasewithanincreasingbuoywindspeed.Thedifferenceshowsdifferentcharacteristicswithanincreasingseasurfacetemperature,airhumidity,andairtemperature.ThezonalaveragelatentfluxeshavesomehighregionswhicharemainlylocatedinthetradewindzoneswherestrongwindscarrydryairinJanuary,andthemaximumvaluecentersarefoundintheeasternwatersofJapanandontheUSeastcoast.Overall,theseasonalvariabilityispronouncedintheIndianOcean,thePacificOcean,andtheAtlanticOcean.Thethreesensibleandlatentheatfluxeshavesimilarlatitudinaldependencies;however,somedifferencesarefoundinsomelocalregions.