简介:AstochasticmodelfordailyprecipitationsimulationinChinawasdevelopedbasedontheframeworkofa′Richardson-type′weathergeneratorthatisanimportanttoolinstudyingimpactsofweather/climateonavarietyofsystemsincludingecosystemandriskassessment.ThepurposeofthisworkistodevelopaweathergeneratorforapplicationsinChina.Thefocusisonprecipitationsimulationsincedeterminationofotherweathervariablessuchastemperatureisdependentonprecipitationsimulation.AframeworkoffirstorderMarkovChainwithGammaDistributionfordailyprecipitationisadoptedinthiswork.Basedonthisframework,fourparametersofprecipitationsimulationforeachmonthat672stationsalloverChinaweredeterminedusingdailyprecipitationdatafrom1961to2000.Comparedwithpreviousworks,ourestimationfortheparameterswasmadeformorestationsandlongerobservations,whichmakestheweathergeneratormoreapplicableandreliable.Spatialdistributionsofthefourparametersareanalyzedinaregionalclimatecontext.Theseasonalvariationsoftheseparametersatfivestationsrepresentingregionaldifferencesarediscussed.Basedontheestimatedmonthlyparametersat672stations,dailyprecipitationsforanyperiodcanbesimulated.A30-yearsimulationwasmadeandcomparedwithobservationsduring1971-2000intermsofannualandmonthlystatistics.Theresultsaresatisfactory,whichdemonstratestheusefulnessoftheweathergenerator.
简介:ThewestsandylandoftheNortheastChinaPlainislocatedintheeasternhugesandybeltofmid-latitudeinEurasiaandtheeasternfringeofdesertifiedlandwithbestbio-climaticconditionsinChina.Withrapideconomicdevelopment,thedeteriorationofeco-environmenthasoccurredandthedesertificationbecomesveryobvious.Thefirstpartofthispaperstudiestheregionaldifferencesoflandscapepatternsandexplorestheregionaldifferencesofdesertification.Thesecondpartaimstorevealthedynamicsofdesertificationinthe1990sbyusingNOAA/AVHRRdataandthematicdatainGISdatabase.Thisworklaysascientificbasisfortherehabilitationanddevelopmentofthesandylands.
简介:黑龙江兴凯湖国家级自然保护区位于黑龙江省东部.地理位置为131°58'30″~133°07′30"E,45°01′~45°34′30"N.总面积为222488hm2.其中水域面积为1370km2,沼泽面积为300km2.采用样点、样线调查法和总数量调查法,从2003年3月10日至6月2日共历时73d,对保护区鸟类种类、数量、分布及资源现状进行了全面调查.共观察统计到鸟类7目32科123种,总数量达77万只.其中辨别出种类的为90000多只,未辨别出种类的鸭类60多万只,雁类8万多只;有13种为保护区新记录.为保护区进行鸟类管理及保护提供了科学依据.
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简介:土地利用变化包括土地利用结构和土地利用强度两个方面,是土地利用类型从低生态位层次向高生态位转变的自组织行为。对不同层次的土地利用生态位进行控制与协调,才能实现一定耕地保有量下土地利用资源场的均衡。而这种均衡正是耕地总量动态平衡得以实现的前提。在生态位势理论与系统边界理论的基础上,论文构建了土地利用经济生态位的模型,并以江苏省锡山市为例定量分析了不同土地利用类型相互作用的强度。研究显示,经济发达区非农用地与农用地生态位差较大,城市化进程加快,使耕地更易损失。从资源流动的场论分析角度。探讨了建立耕地保护机制的途径和方法。在目前的水平上,把土地利用生态位作为土地利用/覆被研究中的一种新方法论更有意义。
简介:长江中下游地区湿地分布广泛且类型多样,是我国淡水湖泊分布最集中和最具有代表性的地区.为了从根本上解决长江中下游湿地利用面临的问题,实现湿地资源的可持续利用,保护湿地环境,解决区内上、下游用水的供需矛盾,实现水资源的优化配置,调动区域湿地保护的积极性和主动性,有必要遵循湿地流域分布规律,应用流域生态学最新理论与实践成果,进行流域生态管理.一方面,要从流域角度处理好几大江湖关系、蓄泄关系、湖垸关系和山湖(河)关系等;另一方面,在流域内建立统一协调机制,对流域湿地进行保护与合理利用、合理布局和统一规划;同时在保护的前提下,科学合理地利用长江中下游湿地资源,开拓新的生产力.
简介:沙坡头自然保护区的有湿地1130hm^2,分为天然湿地和人工湿地.先后三次对保护区水禽进行了调查,共记录到水禽61种,占国内水禽总种数的23.55%;其中有繁殖种类22种,占保护区水禽总种数的36.1%.在记录到的水禽中,属国家Ⅰ级保护的有2种;属国家Ⅱ级保护的有5种;列入〈国际濒危动植物贸易公约〉附录Ⅱ限制贸易的有5种;列入〈中澳保护候鸟及其栖息环境协定〉鸟类名录的水禽有14种;列入〈中日保护候鸟及栖息环境协定〉的有39种.调查结果表明,保护区水禽种类和数量发生了显著变化:1986~1987年记录到水禽30种,1986年夏季数量为39.83只/km;1998~1999年种类增加至42种,1999年夏季数量为73.38只/km;2002~2004年种类升至48种,2003年夏季数量上升至169.28只/km,变化较大.令保护区水禽种类和数量增加的一个主要因素是鱼塘的开发.但还存在一些潜在的因素正影响着保护区水鸟多样性的动态.因此应该制定适宜沙坡头自然保护区的法律法规,对保护区的水鸟进行保护.