简介:Cities,asthemostcomplexofhumancreations,areatgreatriskbothfromawiderangeofhazardsandfromtheirownmultiplevulnerabilities.Withthecurrentformofglobalization,citiesaroundtheworldaremovingtogetherintoanewandhazardousenvironment.Morecitieshavenowbecomestrategicandindependentlinchpinsintheglobaleconomy.Disrupteconomiclifeinanyonemajorcityandshockwavescircletheearthalmostinstantly.However,tosustainconsumerconfidencewhichunderliestheglobaleconomy,muchinformationthatmightgenerateseriousdoubtabouttheworld'sfuturehasnotbeentabledforgeneralpublicconsideration.Whilethenewhazardofglobalterrorismforcestherevealofthereality,globalistsarefacingseverechallengesincludingthepsychologicalimpact.Theauthordrawsananalogyoftheindustrializationin19thcenturyandproposesmanyofthechangesthatareneededtoreducethevulnerabilityofcities.
简介:Thepurposeofthepresentthemepaperistoconsiderhowapproachestourbandevelopmenthaveevolvedovertime,andmostrecentlywiththeadventoftheabove-mentionedinternationalconcernforurbanpovertyreduction.Specifically,howlocalactors,includinggovernmentsatalllevels,non-governmentalorganizations,professionalsandpeoplelivingandworkinginslums,haveattemptedtoimprovecitiesandurbancentresinwaysthatarefavourabletotheurbanpoor.Foreaseofanalysis,thepaperconsiderstwoelementsofurbandevelopment-urbanmanagementandshelterstrategies.Chapteronebeginswithareviewoftheevolutionofurbanplanningandmanagementapproaches,frommasterplanstopro-poorurbangovernance.Chaptertwoexaminestheevolutionofshelterstrategies,fromdirectgovernmentsupplytoanemphasisonsecurityoftenureforthepoor.Someofthekeylessonslearnedfrombothapproachesaresummarizedinchapterthree.Examplesofcurrentinnovationsinapproachestourbanpovertyreductionaredescribedinchapterfour,lookingatcontributionsatthelocal,nationalandinternationallevels.