简介：Manyresearchershaveconcludedthatlongerlifeexpectanciespromptincreasedinvestmentineducation,asaprolongedlaborsupplyraisestherateofreturnoneducation.Besidesexplainingtheempiricalevidencebehindthisconclusion(atanabsolutelevel),thereisanotherissuetobediscussed:doestimespentstudyingandworkingincreaseproportionallywithhigherlongevity?Buildingonanextendedlife-cyclemodel,thispapershowsthatprolongedlifeexpectancywillcauseindividualstoincreasetheirtimeineducationbutmaynotwarrantrisesinlaborinput.Laterweshowthathigherimprovementrateoflongevityratherthaninitiallifeexpectancywillpromoteeconomicgrowth,evenweexcludethemechanismofhumancapitalformation,andonlyconsidergrowtheffectsofhigherimprovementrateoflifeexpectancyfromphysicalcapitalinvestment.

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简介：Thethree-dimension(3D)ecologicalfootprintmakestheanalysisoftherelationshipsbetweenthedemandandsupplyofnaturalcapitalmorecrediblebyimportingfootprintdepthandfootprintsize.ThisarticleusedChina’sregionsastheobjecttoanalyzethehigh-levelsustainabilityofthenaturalcapitalfromtheviewof'ecology-efficiency-fairness'multidimensionalframework.ResearchshowedthatChina’secologicalfootprinthasrisenwhilebio-capacitypercapitahasdescendedinrecent20years.ThispaperalsodiscussesthespatialdistributionofChina’snaturalcapitalecologicalsustainability,efficiencysustainabilityandfairnesssustainability.Finally,itbuildsmulti-criteriaevaluation(MCE)modelstogetmultidimensionalsustainabilityframeworktakingecologicalsustainability,efficiencysustainability,andfairnesssustainabilityintoconsideration.

简介：BasedonthesurveydataoftypicalvillagesinShaanxiProvince,China,theeffectofsocialcapitalontheincomegapoffarmers’householdswasanalyzedusingtheShapleyvalueofthetotalamountofsocialcapitalandthesocialcapitalstructure.Theresultsshowthefollowing:first,socialcapitalcanexpandthehouseholdincomegap,andtheeffectofthisindexonthehouseholdincomegapis7.54%.Second,theindexesofthesocialcapitaldimensioncanexpandthehouseholdincomegap,andthestructuraleffectsofthehouseholdincomegaponsocialnetworks,socialtrust,andsocialparticipationare3.17%,3.64%,and0.65%,respectively.Third,nodimensionofthepathisthesameastheeffectonthehouseholdincomegap.

简介：Regionaldevelopmentisthetrendforfutureurbanization,andtheurbancircleisahighlyefficienteconomicspatialpatternofregionaldevelopment.Thisstudyselectsstatisticaldataofurbanareapopulation,GDP,andtheoutputvalueoftertiaryindustryforsevencitiesinChina-Jinan,Zibo,Tai’an,Laiwu,Dezhou,Liaocheng,andBinzhou-intheShandongprovincialcapitalurbancirclefrom2005to2009.ItusestheprinciplesandZipfmodel,rank-sizerule,andLotkalogarithmicmodeltoanalyzeandstudythehierarchicalstructureofthemetropolitansystemandeconomicdevelopmentoftheShandongprovincialcapitalurbancircle.Basedontheaboveresearch,thispaperprovidesreferencesfordecisionmakingonenhancementofthemetropolitansystemstructure,improvementincorecityprimacyindex,theoptimaladjustmentofindustrialstructureandtheoptimalallocationofessentialresources.