简介：Inthispaper,weconstructamodelinwhichtheimpactofpollutiononhealthisexertedthroughbothdirectandindirectchannels.Theindirectchanneliscapturedbyaproductionfunc-tioninwhichtheprincipalhealth-improvingfactor,incomegrowth,canberealizedonlyinthecostofpollutionincrease.Thismodelisthentestedbytheaggregatedchroniclediseasedatainover78Chinesecounties.Ourresultsshow,afterattainingthethresholdof8μg/m2,continuousincreaseinindustrialSO2emissiondensitywillleadtheratioofpopulationsufferingchroniclediseases,amongwhichrespiratorydiseasesoccupyasignificantproportion,torise.However,owingtotechnologicalprogressinpollutioncontrolactivities,theneededSO2emissiontoproduceoneunitofGDPdiminisheswithtime.Therefore,thenegativeeffectfrompollutionaugmentationonpublichealthseemstoberecompensedmoreandmorebythepositiveeffectofeconomicgrowth.

简介：Environmentandhealthhavebeenmoreandmorejointlyaddressedinrecentyears,thankstotheeffortsofseveralpublicandprivateinstitutions.Inthisscenario,aleadingrolehasbeenplayedbytheWorldHeathOrganisation(WHO).AspecificattentionwasdevotedtotheissuebytheEuropeanUnion(EU)EUinstitutionsandtheWHOOfficeforEurope,whichlists52countries(includingEurope,EasternEuropeanCountriesandTurkey,formerYugoslaviaandpartoftheformerSovietUnion).Theobjectivesofthepresentpaperaretogiveanoverviewofthemaindevelopmentsinthisarea,andtounderlinetheprogressmadetowardsacommonunderstandingofhealthandenvironmentissues,theadvantagesandlimitsofthesedevelopmentsandthechallengesforthefuture,tobetackledatagloballevel.

简介：HealthinstitutionsinthePeople’sRepublicofChinaareunderconsiderablechallenge.Innovationsinmanagementsystemsmaysupportthechallengetoincreasebothefficiencyandeffectiveness.Thebalancedscorecard(BSC)isonesuchinnova-tion.WehaveusedamodeltoexplorethefactorsthatmayimpactthediffusionoftheBSCinChinesegovernmenthospitals.Inparticular,weconcentrateonthreefactors—theoutercontext,thenatureoftheinnovationandthecommunicationandinfluence.TheoutercontextandthenatureoftheinnovationdoprovideaninducementtoimplementaBSC.Thestrengthofthecommunica-tionandinfluencemayaffecttheleveloftake-up.However,werecognisethattheymaychoosetheBSCnotforanyapparenttechnicalexcellencebutforthelegitimationthatWesternman-agementpracticesmaybringtolocalmanagers.

简介：Althoughchemicalcontrolofpestsincreasescropproduction,itbringsalotofdamagetoenvironmentandhumanhealth.Thereexistanumberofalternativemethodsthatarenotsoharmfultoenvironmentandhumanhealth.However,whetherandhowmuchinextentthesetechnologiesadoptedareplausibledependsonthecomparisonofbenefit-costbetweenchemicalcontrolandthealternativecontrolmethods(suchasIntegratedPestManagement,IPM)andfarmers'willingness-to-pay(WTP)forenvirormentandhumanhealth.Usingcontingentvaluationmethod(CVM),theauthorinvestigatesfarmers'WTPforenvironmentandhumanhealth,recognizesthefactorsinfluencingWTP,andaccordinglypointsouttheimportanceofpestcontroltechnologyextensionandgovernmentregulationofpesticides.

简介：Thepaperdemonstrateswhyitisnecessarytotaketherestorationofmarinecoastalecosystemhealthasanewgoalforintegratedcatchmentmanagement,incoastalareaoftheToloHarbour.Thepresentgoalofintegratedcatchmentmanagement(ICM)intheToloHarbouristomeetwithWaterQualityObjectives.TheperformanceofanICMplan,ToloHarbourActionPlan(THAP),isevaluatedbyusingmarinecoastalecosystemhealthindicatorsincludingstressindicatorsandresponsesindicators.SincetheimplementationofTHAPin1988,somesignificantreductioninpollutionloadinghasbeenobserved-reductionof83%ofBODloadand82%ofTNbetween1988and1999.TherehasbeenanimprovementinthehealthstateofToloHarbourmarinecoastalecosystemasevidencedinthetrendsofthephysical,chemicalandbiologicalindicators,althoughsomereversefluctuationsinsomeperiodsexist.However,thiscanonlybeconsideredasthefirstsignoftheecosystemhealthrestoration,sinceecosystemhealthco