简介：China'scirculareconomyisstillattheinitialstage,whosedevelopmenthasmanydifficultiesandproblemsrequiringimmediateresolutiontheoreticallyandpractically.Duetothedifferencesofregionsonthescaleofland,endowmentofresources,economicbasisandculturalbackground,thedevelopmentallevelsandcapabilitiesofcirculareconomyareinevitablydifferent.Basedonestablishingtheindicatorsystemforassessingthedevelopmentallevelofregionalcirculareconomy,spatialvariationofChina'scirculareconomyismeasuredbythequantitativemeasurementusingprincipalcomponentanalysis,andtheexistingproblemsarealsoanalyzedanddiscussed.Ononehand,thedifferencesofthedevelopmentcapabilityofthecirculareconomyofdifferentprovinces(cities)areprofoundinChina;①Differencebetweenthefirstcategory(strong)andthesecondcategory(relativelystrong)is1.1264points.Differencebetweenthesecondcategoryandthethirdcategory(relativelyweak)is0.3867points.Differencebetweenthethirdcategoryandthefourthcategory(weak)is1.0238points.Differencebetweenthefirstcategoryandthefourthcategoryreachesupto2.0869points.Averagedifferencebetweentheareawherethedevelopmentallevelofcirculareconomyisrelativelystrongandtheareawherethedevelopmentallevelofcirculareconomyisrelativelyweakis1.3617points.②Thedifferencesofthedistributionoftheareas,withdifferentdevelopmentcapabilityofcirculareconomy,whicharelocatedinthethreeeconomicregionsofChina,arealsoprofound.Theregionswitharelativelystrongdevelopmentcapabilityofcirculareconomyaremainlylocatedintheeasterneconomicarea,whichaccountfor22.58%ofthewholeregions,whileonlyaccountfor12.90%inthemiddleandwesterneconomicareas.Onthecontrary,theregionswitharelativelyweakdevelopmentcapabilityofcirculareconomyaccountfor48.39%inthemiddleandwesternarea,whileaccountfor16.13%intheeasternarea.Ontheothe

简介：Inordertounderstandthecharacteristicsofspatialandtemporalvariation,aswellasprovideeffectiveideasoncarbonemissionsandregulatorypolicyinYantai,thisarticleanalyzedspatialandtemporalvariationofcarbonemissionsinYantaibasedonenergyconsumptionstatisticsforavarietyofenergysortstogetherwithindustrialsectorsfrom2001to2011.Theresultswereasfollowing:Firstofall,Yantai’scarbonemissionsgrewbyanaverageof5.5%peryearduringthelast10years,andtherewasapeakof10.48millioncarbonintheyearof2011.Second,comparedwiththegrossdomesticproduct(GDP)growthrate,thefiguresforenergycarbonemissionsgrowthrateweresmaller;howevertheproblemofcarbonemissionswerestillmoreobvious.Furthermore,carbonemissionsinYantaiincreasedrapidlybefore2008;whileafter2008,itincreasedmoreslowlyandgraduallybecomestable.Third,theenergyconsumptionwasdifferentamongregionsinYantai.Forinstance,theenergyconsumptioninLongkoucitywasthelargest,whichoccupied50%ofthetotalcarbonemissionsinYantai;andtheenergyconsumptioninChangIslandwasgenerallylessthan1%oftheLongkouconsumption.Finally,therewererelativecloserelationshipsamongthespatialdifferenceofcarbonemissions,regionalresourcesendowment,economicdevelopment,industrialstructure,andenergyefficiency.

简介：Forrecentyears,runoffgenerationandhydrologicalprocessesinHailiutuRiverbasinhavebeengreatlychangedbyclimatechangeandhumanactivity,especiallywaterandsoilconservationconstruction.Inthisstudy,thetrendsinprecipitation,evapotranspiration(ET)andriverrunoffaswellastheeffectsofprecipitationchangeandhumanactivityonrunoffvariationhavebeenstudied.Theresultsshowedthatduring1960-2000,annualprecipitationandriverrunoff,monthlyprecipitationandETinSeptemberandOctoberaswellasmonthlyrunoffinallmonthsshowedasignificantdecrease.Inaddition,peakflowandbaseflowhadalargedecrease.Underthejointinfluenceofprecipitationchangeandhumanactivity,themeanannualrunoffdecreasedby35millionm3fromthebaselineperiod(1960-1985)tothechangeperiod(1986-2000),whichaccountedfor60.9%and39.1%ofthetotalrunoffdecrease,respectively.Precipitationchangeplayedaprimaryroleinthedecreaseofannualrunoffwhereashumanactivity,particularlywaterandsoilconservationconstruction,alsohadremarkableimpactsonrunoffvariation.