简介：Thebuyer-supplierrelationshipplaysagreatroleinmosteconomicsystems.Thebuyingfirmusuallytriestofindanewsupplierwhoprovidesproductswithsatisfyingqualityandlowerprice.Abroadbranchofliteraturedealswiththedevelopmentofbuyer-supplierrelationships,butlimitedresearchisonthecircumstancesunderwhichabuyershouldterminatesucharelationshipandswitchtoanewsupplier.Inthispaper,theincentivecompatibilityconstraint(IC)whichinducestheentrantsuppliertoreporthistruecostisconsidered,andtheparticipationconstraint(PC)whichensurestheentrantsuppliertogetatleastreservationprofitistakenintoaccount.Thenthesupplierswitchingmodelissetuptominimizethebuyingfirm’stotalprocurementcostwhichincludesthetransferpaymenttotheincumbentsupplier,thepaymenttotheentrantsupplierandtheswitchingcost,andthebuyingfirm’sswitchingcostisconsideredasafunctionoftheswitchingquantity.WiththetheoreticalanalysisofIC,PCandtheproposedmodel,theoptimalsupplierswitchingstrategycanbeobtained.Finally,anumericalexampleisgiventoillustratetheeffectivenessoftheproposedmodelandtheswitchingstrategy.

简介：Itisproposedthatdoublelevelprogrammingtechniquemaybeadoptedinsynthesisstrategy.Optimizationofheatexchangernetworkstructuralconfiguration(themasterproblem)maybesolvedattheupperlevel,leavingtherestoperatingconditions(theslaveproblem)beingoptimizedatthelowerlevel.Withtheuniquenessinmind,anHENsynthesisexpertsystemmaybeemployedtoaddressboththelogicalconstraintsandtheglobaloperationparameters′optimizationusingenhancedsequentialnumberoptimizationtheory.Casestudiesdemonstratethatthesynthesisstrategyproposedcaneffectivelysimplifyboththeproblem-solvingandthesynthesisprocess.Thevalidityofthestrategyrecommendedisevidencedbycasestudies′resultscompared.

简介：有隧道的长隧道挖掘无聊的机器(TBM)是一个复杂、随机的过程。在不同隧道节根据特定的地质的条件被调整被无常和需要容易影响，它使安排的构造和管理困难。基于岩石团分类，这份报纸估计穿入率。用率，TBM无聊的系统的一个周期的网络模拟(气旋)模型被建立，并且在不同地质的条件下面的进展率是坚定的。然后，工程安排上的不同切割器头戳的影响，根据以前的经验在合理范围被选择，被分析。而且，弄脏系统的模拟模型被造相当决定湿粪火车和栏杆交叉的数字，关于湿粪装载并且材料搬运的效率。基于在TBM无聊的系统和弄脏的系统之间的相互作用和相互关系，为全部通道过程的联合气旋模型被建立。然后合理的构造时间表，工作资源的利用率，和工程结束的概率通过模型编程被获得。最后，工程应用显示出介绍方法的可行性。

简介：与设想水交货系统(WDS)的即时模拟计算的目的，一结构绘画面向(SDO)模拟技术被介绍，并且适用于Zhangjiuhe转向工程，它是为从Zhangjiuhe河拉水到Kunming构造的一个长途的水交货系统城市。作为模仿平台拿SIMULINK软件，这种技术为系统建立了一个视觉动态模拟模型。系统的模拟过程被简化，并且当模特儿的效率也根据模拟程序的模块化和利用被提高。而且，一个自我优化模型被介绍。基于数字模拟模型，上线控制优化连接被增加，并且输入数据能不断地根据模仿输出的反馈信息被优化。系统因此自动地被优化。在MATLAB之上造了软件，Zhangjiuhe转向工程的模拟优化被完成，它为WDS的最佳的操作的研究提供一个新方法。

简介：TheTwin-LoopAntenna(TLA)hasbeenwidelyusedbecauseofitsbroadbandpropertyandsimplyfeeding,andsomemodifiedstructureshavebeendevel-opedfromitsprototypebyChineseengineers.ButtheexactdesigntheoryforTLAaccord-ingtotheimpedancecalculationhasnotyetbeenpublished.Inthispaper,theimpedanceofloopinaTLAisanalysedandcomputedbyusingthemethodofmoments,andthede-signformulaeandatwo-stepoptimizationprogramforextendingthebandwidthofinputimpedanceofTLAaredetailed.Anexampleofoptimizeddesignshowsthatthebandwidthcanbeincreasedupto36.4%forVSWR≤1.10,whichiswiderthanthebandwidthofra-diationpattern.

简介：寒冷/热采购的空气调节(交流)的选择通常关于某些方面担心并且不能揭示这些问题的整个侧面。灰关系分析(GRA)是处理方法与不明确的信息在一个系统分类比较序列和某个引用顺序的关联程度的一个数据。它被用于从四个主要方面评估并且选择交流寒冷/热的来源，它是技术，经济，可靠性，和操作和管理。选择交流寒冷/热的结果与GRA方法采购的案例研究表演能是更合理的并且可使信服。因此，它在加热为设计者提供一条新途径，通气，比较并且评估不同ACcold/heat的空气调节地采购原料。

简介：Variable-air-volume(VAV)air-conditioningsystemisamulti-variablesystemandhasmulticouplingcontrolloops.Whileallofthecontrolloopsareworkingtogether,theyinterfereandinfluenceeachother.AmultivariabledecouplingPIDcontrollerisdesignedforVAVair-conditioningsystem.Diagonalmatrixdecouplingmethodisemployedtoeliminatethecouplingbetweentheloopofsupplyairtemperatureandthatofthermal-spaceairtemperature.ThePIDcontrollerparametersareoptimizedbymeansofanimprovedgeneticalgorithminfloatingpointrepresentationstoobtainbetterperformance.Thepopulationintheimprovedgeneticalgorithmmutatesbeforecrossover,whichishelpfulfortheconvergence.Additionallythemicromutationalgorithmisproposedandappliedtoimprovetheconvergenceduringthelaterevolution.Tosearchthebestparameters,theoptimizedparametersrangesshouldbeamplified10timestheinitialidealparameters.Thesimulationandexperimentresultsshowthatthedecouplingcontrolsystemiseffectiveandfeasible.Themethodcanovercomethestrongcouplingfeatureofthesystemandhasshortergoverningtimeandlessover-shootthannon-optimizationPIDcontrol.

简介：Amulti-objectiveoptimizationofnon-uniformbeamsispresentedforminimumradiatedsoundpowerandweight.Thetransfermatrixmethodisusedtocomputethestructuralandacousticresponsesofanon-uniformbeamaccuratelyandefficiently.Themulti-objectiveparticleswarmoptimizationtechniqueisappliedtosearchtheParetooptimalsolutionsthatrepresentvariouscompromisesbetweenweightandsoundradiation.Severalconstraintsareimposed,whichsubstantiallyreducethevolumefractionoffeasiblesolutionsinthedesignspace.Twononuniformbeamswithdifferentboundaryconditionsarestudiedtodemonstratethemulti-objectiveoptimaldesignsofthestructure.

简介：Asanimportantelementinsustainablebuildingdesign,thebuildingenvelopehasbeenwitnessingaconstantshiftinthedesignapproach.Integratingmulti-objectiveoptimization(MOO)intothebuildingenvelopedesignprocessisverypromising,butnoteasytorealizeinanactualprojectduetoseveralfactors,includingthecomplexityofoptimizationmodelconstruction,lackofadynamic-visualizationcapacityinthesimulationtoolsandconsiderationofhowtomatchtheoptimizationwiththeactualdesignprocess.Toovercomethesedifficulties,thisstudyconstructedanintegratedbuildingenvelopedesignprocess(IBEDP)basedonparametricmodelling,whichwasimplementedusingGrasshopperplatformandinterfacestocontrolthesimulationsoftwareandoptimizationalgorithm.ArailwaystationwasselectedasacasestudyforapplyingtheproposedIBEDP,whichalsoutilizedagrid-basedvariabledesignapproachtoachieveflexibleoptimumfenestrations.Tofacilitatethestepwisedesignprocess,anovelstrategywasproposedwithatwo-stepoptimization,whichoptimizedvariouscategoriesofvariablesseparately.Comparedwithaone-stepoptimization,thoughtheproposedstrategyperformedpoorlyinthediversityofsolutions,thequantitativeassessmentofthequalitiesofPareto-optimumsolutionsetsillustratesthatitissuperior.

简介：为由ccpA异种杆菌的核黄素生产的氮来源要求敏锐24A1/pMX45用线性回归被优化。最佳的中等部件考虑作为碳来源包括了8%葡萄糖，2%酵母粉末，0.05%MgSO_4吗？氮来源的7H_2O，和四种类型：0.1%酵母摘录，2%大豆粉末，1%玉米原生质，并且0.2%(NH_4)在饮料烧瓶的_2HPO_4测试。预兆的椭圆体被用于为核黄素生产和葡萄糖消费在最佳的层次下面决定反应价值。氮来源的四种类型的最佳的集中能补救铵吸收变节ofccpA异种。在最佳的条件下面，到超过5.0g/Land8%葡萄糖的核黄素收益增加能在60h以后完全被消费。