简介：AlatticeBoltzmannnumericalmodelingmethodwasdevelopedtopredictskinconcentrationaftertopicalapplicationofadrugontheskin.ThemethodisbasedonD2Q9latticespacesassociatedwiththeBhatnagar-Gross-Krook(BGK)collisiontermtosolvetheconvection-diffusionequation(CDE).Asimulationwascarriedoutindifferentrangesofthevalueofbound,whichisrelatedtoskincapillaryclearanceandthevolumeofdiffusionduringapercutaneousabsorptionprocess.Whenatypicaldrugisusedontheskin,thevalueofcorrespondstotheamountofdrugabsorbedbythebloodandtheabsorptionofthedrugaddedtotheskin.Theeffectofwasstudiedforwhentheregionofskincontactisalinesegmentontheskinsurface.

简介：Acombustionmodelofalarge-scalesupercriticalcirculatingfluidizedbed(CFB)boilerwasdevelopedforcomprehensivecomputational-fluid-dynamicsanalysis.Themodelincorporatesgas-solidhydrodynamics,coalcombustion,heattransferonheatexchangesurfacesinthefurnace,andheattransferbetweenfumaceandworkingmediumintheheattransfertubes.Insimulatingthedenseanddilutephasesinthefumace,thegas-solidhydrodynamicsisbasedontheEuler-Eulermodelandenergy-minimizationmultiscaledragmodel.Coalcombustionentailsevaporation,devolatilization,charcombustion,gashomogeneousreaction,andpollutantemission.Thecoefficientofheattransferbetweengas-solidandthewaterwallisestimatedusingtheclusterrenewalmodel,andforradiation,thediscreteordinatemodelisused.Moreover,thermohydraulicprocessesinthemembranewallarealsoineludedintheheattransferprocess.Themodelwassuccessfullyappliedinsimulationsofa350-MWsupercriticalCFBboiler.Detaileddistributionsofsolidsconcentration,oxygen,heatflux,andworkingmediumtemperatureintheboilerfurnacearepresented.

简介：Thelargedesignfreedomofvariable-stiffness(VS)compositematerialpresupposesitspotentialforwideengineeringapplication.PreviousresearchindicatesthatthedesignofVScylindricalstructureshelpstoincreasethebucklingloadascomparedtoquasi-isotropic(QI)cylindricalstructures.Thispaperfocusesontheanti-bucklingperformanceofVScylindricalstructuresundercombinedloadsandtheefficientoptimizationdesignmethod.Twokindsofconditions,bendingmomentandinternalpressure,andbendingmomentandtorqueareconsidered.Influencesofthegeometricaldefects,ovality,onthecylinder'sperformancesarealsoinvestigated.Toincreasethecomputationalefficiency,anadaptiveKrigingmeta-modelisproposedtoapproximatethestructuralresponseofthecylinders.InthisimprovedKrigingmodel,amixedupdatingruleisusedinconstructingthemeta-model.Ageneticalgorithm(GA)isimplementedintheoptimizationdesign.TheoptimalresultsshowthatthebucklingloadofVScylindersinallcasesisgreatlyincreasedascomparedwithaQIcylinder.