简介：Pitchisoneofthemostimportantauditoryperceptioncharacteristicsofsound;however,themechanismunderlyingthepitchperceptionofsoundisunclear.Althoughtheoreticalresearcheshavesuggestedthatperceptionofvirtualpitchisconnectedwithphysicsincochleaofinnerear,thereisnodirectexperimentalobservationofvirtualpitchprocessinginthecochlea.Bylaserinterferometry,weobserveshiftphenomenaofvirtualpitchinbasilarmembranevibrationofexsomatizedcochlea,whichisconsistentwithperceptualpitchshiftobservedinpsychoacousticexperiments.Thismeansthatthecomplexmechanicalvibrationofbasilarmembraneincochleaplaysanimportantroleinpitchinformationprocessingduringhearing.

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简介：Themeasurementoflow-fieldsusceptibilityXasafunctionoftemperatureTforLa2/3Ca1/3MnO3showsasignificantdownturnin1/X(T)abovetheCurietemperatureTc,abehaviourgenerallyobservedinperovskitemanganites.Suchadownturnisarguedtobeduetothesegregationofferromagneticclusterswithlargerspinsintheparamagneticmatrix.Basedonthisconsideration,aphenomenologicalexpressionforX(T)isproposed,inwhichthetotalsusceptibilityisassumedtobeasumoftwosusceptibilitiesarisingfrommagneticentitiesinthePMbackgroundandtheFMclusterswithT-dependenteffectivespins,respectively.TheresultisingoodagreementwiththeexperimentaldataobtainedinLa2/3Ca1/3MnO3.