简介:<正>1IntroductionTheundergroundbrineresourcesdistributingwidelyinSichuanBasin,Chinahavedrawnworldwideattentionduetotheirunusualelementabundanceandexcellentquality.
简介:Byusingthe40Ar-39ArchronologicalmethodtodateK-feldsparfromK-feldspargraniteintheQiaohuotecopperdistrict,theauthorsobtainedaplateauageof274.78±0.44Maandanisochronageof272.7±3.0Ma.BecausethereisnotectonicdeformationoverprintedorhydrothermalalterationintheK-feldspargraniteintrusionafteritsemplacement,the40Ar-39AragerepresentsthecrystallizationageofK-feldsparinK-feldspargranite,i.e.thelatecrystallizationageoftheK-feldspargraniteintrusion,whichindicatesthattheK-feldspargraniteformedintheintraplateextensionalstageduringtheEarlyPermian.Moreover,basedonthespatialrelationshipbetweentheK-feldspargraniteintrusionandcopperorebodies,variationsofcopperoregrade,REEcharacteristicsofK-feldspargraniteandcopperores,andHandOisotopiccompositionsoffluidinclusionsincopperores,themetallogenesisoftheQiaohuotecopperdepositisdirectlyrelatedtointrusiveactivitiesoftheK-feldspargranite,andthusthecrystallizationageofK-feldsparinthegraniteapproximatelyapproachesthemetallogenicepochoftheQiaohuotecopperdeposit.
简介:欧洲建成32家世界地质公园,中国建成20家世界地质公园,地质公园建设已经成为世界关注的热点。第1届世界地质公园大会在北京召开,第2届世界地质公园大会在英国北爱尔兰的贝尔法斯特召开,第3届世界地质公园大会于2008年6月22~26日在德国的奥斯纳布吕克市召开。
简介:由露头,日志和核心数据识别古老的河的词法类型是容易的。然而,隧道的水平分发和几何学能被依靠3-D仅仅鉴别并且预言地震数据。特别,地震地平线切的3-D能在蜿蜒地流的河,支流隧道和低蜿蜒的隧道的沙岩预言起一个重要作用。每个微外形单位包括主要隧道,例如蜿蜒或分叉的隧道,早朝,裂缝隧道,叶舌裂缝展开,泛滥平原等等能被识别。编织隧道沙岩是平面平坦侧面连接沙身体和厚主要隧道带的分发能仅仅从3-D被识别地震数据。因为编织沙岩是无所不在的,他们的出现和分发不需要被预言。通常,煤速度是那么低的它能在煤阶层创造强壮的振幅思考。它因而隐藏振幅作答到吻合能从3-D被识别的隧道沙岩地震倒置数据有时。充满泥的低蜿蜒的河的案例研究与3-D识别了地震数据显示如此的沙身体的规模和width-to-thickness比率是小的,旁边地不连接,并且通常在干燥气候条件下面发生在一把冲积扇子的远或进一步的部分上。有时,沿着地平线的每个思考事件的地震属性的抽取被期望最大化古老的隧道的空间进化的表示。
简介:The3^rdInternationalConferenceonContinentalEarthquakes,Mechanism,Prediction,EmergencyManagement&Insurance(the3^rdICCE)washeldonJuly9-14,2004inBeijing,China.TheICCEhasbeenheldeverydecadesinceitwaslaunchedovertwentyyearsago.ThefirstICCE,withthetitle""""InternationalSymposiumonContinentalSeismicityandEarthquakePrediction""""(ISCSEP),hadinternationalsponsorshipandwassupportedbye.g.,UNESCOandhostedbytheSeismologicalSocietyofChina(SSC)inBeijingin1982.In1992inresponsetotheinitiativesfromtheUN'sInternationalDecadeforNaturalDisasterReduction(IDNDR),
简介:ThisstudyreportszirconU-PbandHfisotopesandwhole-rockelementaldataforgranodioritesfromtheEastKunlunorogen.ThezirconU-Pbdatingdefinestheircrystallizationageof235Ma.Therocksarecharacterizedbyhigh-Kcalc-alkaline,magnesianandmetaluminouswith(K2O+Na2O)=6.38wt.%–7.01wt.%,Mg#=42–50[Mg#=100×molarMg/(Mg+FeOT)],A/CNK=0.92–0.98,coupledwithhighεHf(t)valuesfrom-0.65to-1.80.Therockswerederivedfrompartialmeltingofajuvenilemaficcrustalsourcewithinnormalcrustthickness.Thejuvenilelowercrustwasgeneratedbymixinglithosphericmantle-derivedmelt(55%–60%)andsupracrustalmelt(40%–45%)duringtheseafloorsubduction.TogetherwithavailabledatafromtheEastKunlun,itisproposedthatthestudiedMiddleTriassicgranodioriteswereformedinpost-collisionalextensionsetting,inwhichmeltingofthejuvenilelowercrustinresponsetothebasalticmagmaunderplatingresultedintheproductionofhigh-Kgranodioriticmelts.
简介:3Dstructureofthecrustanduppermantleinthestudiedareahasbeenanalyzedfromsurfacewavetomography.Thevelocitydistributionintheuppermostcrustissymmetricalontwosidesofthecentrallineofthesea,andcoincideswiththestructureofcrystallinebasement.TheessentialdifferenceintectonicsbetweentheEastChinaSeaandtheYellowSeamainlyliesinthatthevelocitystructuresoftheirlowercrustanduppermantleareidenticaltothoseofSouthChinaandNorthChinarespectively.Intheuppermantlethereexistsahigh-velocityzonewithanearlyEWstrikefromtheHangzhouBay,China,totheTokaraChannel,Japan,alongaboutthelatitudeof30°N.ItisfoundthatbetweentheEastChinaSeaandtheYellowSeatherearesystematicaldifferencesingeomorphology,geology,seismicity,heatflow,qualityfactorandgravityandaeromagneticanomalies,whichisrelatedtobothleft-lateralsheardislocationandright-lateraltearoftheBenioffzonefromtheHangzhouBaytotheTokaraChannel.ItisinferredthattheEastChinaSeawasformedbyCenozoicback-arcextension.TheboundarybetweentheNorthChinaandSouthChinacrustalblocksstretchesalongthesouthernpiedmontofMts.Daba-Dabie-HangzhouBay-TokaraChannel,andthesubductionzoneattheOkinawatrenchistheeasternboundaryoftheSouthChinacrustalblock.ThemovementsofthePacificplate,IndianplateanduppermantleratherthanthePhilippineplatesubductionhaveplayedadominantroleforthemoderntectonicmovementsinEastAsia.
简介:Machari形成从上面的系列3(中间寒武纪)到Furongian(上面寒武纪)在Yeongwol区域,朝鲜。产出相对多样的无脊椎的石块被知道了。特别地,形成的三叶虫biozones是明确的。在另一方面,很少迄今为形成在conodont微化石上被学习了。这份报纸在Eodungol节报导从形成的系列3的多样、保存得很好的protoconodonts和paraconodonts,暴露了萨芒桑山,的一条南部的山小道Yeongwol,朝鲜。为conodont收集的13件样品中的五个包括三叶虫,腕足类动物的一种,海绵骨针,hyolithids,和incertaesedis包含一个富有的protoconodont和paraconodont集合和众多的壳的石块。样品Eo5是极其含化石的(465个元素,96.5%全部的收集),并且最丰富的种类是Phakeloduselongatus(236个元素,62%Eo5收集)。保藏相对好,但是一些标本被侵蚀并且碎片。一些protoconodonts是exfoliated。相对更大的通常作为phosphatized被保存内部模子特别地在Furnishinabigeminata的标本,Furnishinaleein。sp,Muelleroduspomeranensis,Nogamiconussinensis,和westergaardodids。Phakelodids通常作为簇被保存。在对九个类可参考的20种类之中,Furnishinabigeminata,Furnishinaleein。sp,Nogamiconussinensis,Huayuanodontustricornis,Proscandodusobliquus,和Westergaardodinagrandidens以前是在朝鲜的undescribed种类。这个集合作为Westergaardodinamatsushitai此处被说出地区,是代替旧的一个新biozonal名字,Gapparodusbisulcatus-Westergaardodinamatsushitai-Westergaardodinamoessebergensis集合。W。matsushitai地区对应于Lejopygearmata三叶虫地区并且好分别地与华南的Westergaardodinamatsushitai-Westergaardodinagrandidens地区和诺思中国的Westergaardodinamatsushitai地区的上面的系列3conodontbiozones相关。现在的数据在与新分的关系允许有用关联到中国和Baltica寒武纪。Furnishin
简介:本文以高治村滑坡为例,论述了FLAC3D在滑坡稳定性分析评价中的应用。作者首先介绍了FLAC3D的基本原理和主要流程,然后采用摩尔-库伦模型,对高治村滑坡在天然状态和暴雨状态下的变形和位移情况进行了数值模拟,模拟结果直观地显示了该坡体在上述两种状态下的塑性变形及水平方向位移的分布特征,清楚地显示了坡体内潜在的滑动面。文章根据数值模拟结果,对该滑坡的稳定性进行了分析和评价,对该滑坡的变形和破坏形式进行了研究和探讨。通过对该坡体的塑性变形与位移情况分析认为,该滑坡在天然状态下基本稳定;在连续高强度降雨状态下欠稳定,局部失稳滑塌的可能性很大,这与现场调查分析的结果一致。这个结果表明,利用FLAC3D进行滑坡稳定性分析和评价简单、可行,且更加直观、方便,具有传统极限平衡法所无法比拟的优势。
简介:Tarim盆在含碳的时期期间是craton块。除了它的开西南(SWW)加深盆边缘,盆的中央部分被包围由北、东方、南部高举。在盆的大多数部分,有岩石把Biocalcarenite成员,标准石灰石成员和Xiaohaizi形成称为的碳酸盐的三层。今日的Maigeti斜坡,在盆的西南的区域定位了,曾经是到clinoform的paleogeographic碳酸盐站台边缘。在区域的地上凿穿在Xiaohaizi形成揭示超过十米沙滩免职的高精力的biospararenite。这个特征与在中间、北的盆的相等的地平线的低精力的micritic石灰石相当不同。如此的典型碳酸盐沙滩和站台边缘背景显示为礁石生长导致的环境。根据3-D的解释600km2Xinbaza调查上的地震数据,面向在的25km长的堡礁一东方向西,方向与圆丘般的几何学被描出,12km宽南方剧降礁石前面,和36km宽北方剧降backreef。礁石撑墙和轮廓也在连贯,振幅,和频率属性的Xiaohaizi形成以及地平线片的一张isopach地图上被显示出。礁石在矩形的3-D的范围以外扩大地震调查。Xiaohaizi形成的厚度是在中央礁石,和比礁石的外面大的12m的超过60m。堡礁由由狭窄的潮汐的入口分开的片断组成。礁石的邻居主要是bioclasticgrainstones的沙滩免职。由于迟了的宰相和晚第三列的构造运动,堡礁被倾斜蘸在一个SWW方向。它的updip部分被一套反向的差错打破并且错放。不过,与礁石有关的大量烃储备的潜在的stratigraphic水池被期望在它旁边基于实质的礁石规模和最近的地上凿穿指示在未来被成立。
简介:Modelinggeomechanicalpropertiesofshalestomakesenseoftheircomplexpropertiesisattheforefrontofpetroleumexplorationandexploitationapplicationandhasreceivedmuchresearchattentioninrecentyears.Ashale'skeygeomechanicalpropertieshelptoidentifyits'fracibility'itsfluidflowpatternsandrates,anditsin-placepetroleumresourcesandpotentialcommercialreserves.Themodelsandtheinformationtheyprovide,inturn,enableengineerstodesigndrillingpatterns,fracture-stimulationprogramsandmaterialsselectionthatwillavoidformationdamageandoptimizerecoveryofpetroleum.Awide-rangeoftools,technologies,experimentsandmathematicaltechniquesaredeployedtoachievethis.Characterizingtheinterconnectedfracture,permeabilityandporositynetworkisanessentialstepinunderstandingashaleshighly-anisotropicfeaturesonmultiplescales(nanotomacro).Well-logdata,anditspetrophysicalinterpretationtocalibratemanygeomechanicalmetricstothosemeasuredinrocksamplesbylaboratorytechniquesplaysakeyroleinprovidingaffordabletoolsthatcanbedeployedcost-effectivelyinmultiplewellbores.Likewise,microseismicdatahelpstomatchfracturedensityandpropagationobservedonareservoirscalewithpredictionsfromsimulationsandlaboratorytestsconductedonidealised/simplifieddiscretefracturenetworkmodels.Shalescomplexwettability,adsorptionandwaterimbibitioncharacteristicshaveasignificantinfluenceonpotentialformationdamageduringstimulationandtheshort-termandlongtermflowofpetroleumachievable.Manygasflowmechanismsandmodelsareproposedtakingintoaccountthemultipleflowmechanismsinvolved(e.g.,desorption,diffusion,slippageandviscousflowoperatingatmultipleporositylevelsfromnano-tomacro-scales).Fittinghistoricalproductiondataandwelldeclinecurvestomodelpredictionshelpstoverifywhethermodel'sgeomechanicalassumptionsarerealisticornot.Thisreviewdiscussesthetechniques
简介:Takinghundredsofpiecesofhazardousgeologicalmaps(1:10000)ofThreeGorgesres-ervoirarea(3GR)asbackground,weestablishregionalthree-dimensional(3D)geo-hazardmodelusingDEM(digitalelevationmodel)superposedsurfaceimagesandgeo-hazardselements.Basedonlandslidesandothergeo-hazardsurveydata,usingimprovedB-REP(boundaryrepresenta-tion)entitydatastructure(two-body3Ddatastructure),wesetup3Dsolidmodelsforeachhazardousbodiesineachhazardousgeologicalmaps.Thenweintegratethetwotypesof3Dmodelswithdifferentscalesfromareatopoint,whicharetheregionalgeo-hazard3Dmodelandthesolidmodelsofeachdisasterbody,inordertoprovideavisualprocessingandanalysisplat-formfordangerpartition,stabilityevaluation,disasterpreventionandcontrol,earlywarningandcommand.
简介:<正>尽管2001年的“9·11”事件对哈萨克斯坦经济造成了一定影响,但由于塔利班政权很快垮台,这种影响并没有像刚开战时那么大.2002年第一季度经济仍有较快增长.工业产值同比增长12.1%,农业产值增长5.5%,投资增长10.3%,货运量增长9%,零售商品总额增长10.4%.但外贸额却下降了4.9%.可是,到第二季度,工业产值、货物周转量、固定资产投资都比原计划数要低.第二季度,工业产值增长为5.9%,而上年同期增长为10.4%.其增长低于上年的原因是由于采矿业和加工业生产增速缓慢.工业产值第三季度增长9.5%,2002年前3个季度国内生产总值增长9.4%.2002年石油产量继续增加.10月该国能源与自然矿产部部长说,石油(包括凝析油)产量可达到4500×104t.