简介：Thereareseveralchallengestoinnereardrugdeliveryandimagingduetotheexistenceoftightbiologicalbarrierstothetargetstructureandthedensebonesurroundingit.Advancesinimagingandnanomedicinemayprovideknowledgeforovercomingtheexistinglimitationstoboththediagnosisandtreatmentofinnereardiseases.Noveltechniqueshaveimprovedtheefficacyofdrugdeliveryandtargetingtotheinnerear,aswellasthequalityandaccuracyofimagingthisstructure.Inthisreview,wewilldescribethepathwaysandbiologicalbarriersoftheinnerearregardingdrugdelivery,thebeneficialapplicationsandlimitationsoftheimagingtechniquesavailableforinnerearresearch,thebehaviorofengineerednanomaterialsininnerearapplications,andfutureperspectivesfornanomedicine-basedinnerearimaging.

简介：Weinvestigatedthepharmacokineticsofcaroverineintheperilymph,cerebrospinalfluidandplasmaaftersystemicandlocaladministrationsinguineapigsbyusinghigh-performanceliquidchromatography.Auditorybrainstemresponsesweremeasuredtoevaluateauditoryfunctionaleffect.Theresultsshowedthatlocalapplicationwasabothsafeandefficientmethod.Wefurtherreviewedliteratureandpinpointedthattheroundwindowiseffectivelylocaldrugdeliverymeansforfutureinnereartreatment.