简介：<正>在20世纪,耳鼻喉科不仅发展很快,而且对整个医学作出重大贡献:本世纪初气管食管窥镜的成功应用,创建了气管食管学;40年代双目手术显微镜问世导致耳显微外科的诞生;60年代初发现电刺激耳蜗神经引起听觉,发明人工耳蜗植入,至80年代引入微机处理,数字信息技术,产生多道程控人工

简介：目的分析超声乳化对闭角型青光眼并发白内障患者视力恢复的影响。方法选取我院2014年10月～2016年1月收治的57例闭角型青光眼并发白内障患者，根据治疗方法不同分为超声乳化手术组（n=34）和小梁切除组（n=23），超声乳化手术组给予超声乳化联合后房型人工晶状体植入术，小梁切除组给予小梁切除术，比较两组术前、术后7d中央前房深度、眼压、视力、并发症发生率。结果术后7d超声乳化手术组中央前房深度高于小梁切除组，降眼压效果低于小梁切除组，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；术后7d超声乳化手术组视力高于小梁切除组，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；超声乳化手术组并发症发生率为8．82％（3／34），小梁切除组并发症发生率为4．35％（1／23），通过χ^2检验可知，两组并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义（χ^2=0．015，P〉0．05）。结论超声乳化可显著改善闭角型青光眼并发白内障患者中央前房深度，提高患者视力，具有较高的实用价值，值得推广应用。

简介：目的观察白三烯拮抗剂孟鲁司特对儿童分泌性中耳炎（SOM）声导抗曲线恢复的作用。方法选取门诊急性SOM患儿80例（108耳）,随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组42例（56耳）、对照组38例（52耳）。2组均给予抗生素1周、糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂2周及黏液促排剂2周治疗,观察组在此基础上加用白三烯拮抗剂孟鲁司特,疗程2周,观察疗效。结果观察组的有效率（69.6%）明显高于对照组（42.3%）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论在儿童SOM的治疗中加用白三烯拮抗剂有助于声导抗曲线的恢复。

简介：AIM:Anaerobicbacteriacancauseocularinfections.WetestedtheOxyPlateTMAnaerobicSystem(OXY)toisolatepertinentanaerobicbacteriathatcancauseoculardisease.METHODS:OXY,whichdoesnotrequiredirectanaerobicconditions(i.e.bags,jars),wascomparedtoconventionalisolationofincubatingculturemediainanaerobicbags.Standardcoloniescountswereperformedonanaerobicocularbacterialisolatesunderaerobicandanaerobicconditions(anaerobicbags)usingagarmedia:1)OXY(aerobiconly),2)5%sheepblood(SB),3)Chocolate,and4)Schaedler.Thebacteriatestedwerede-identifiedocularisolatesculturedfromendophthalmitisanddacryocystitisthatinclude10Propionibacteriumacnesand3Actinomycesspecies.Thecolonycountsforeachbacteriaisolate,oneachculturingcondition,wererankedfromlargesttosmallest,andnon-parametricallycomparedtodeterminethebestculturingcondition.RESULTS:Allanaerobicconditionswerepositiveforalloftheanaerobicisolates.SBandSchaedler’sagarunderaerobicconditionsdidnotsupportthegrowthofanaerobicbacteria.SparsegrowthwasnotedonchocolateagarwithPropionibacteriumacnes.Asananaerobicsystem,SBinananaerobicbagisolatedhighercolonycountsthanOXY(P=0.0028)andchocolateagar(P=0.0028).CONCLUSION:AlthoughOXYdidnottesttobemoreefficientthanotheranaerobicsystems,itappearstobeareasonablealternativeforisolatinganaerobicbacteriafromocularsites.Theuseofanagarmediuminaspeciallydesignedplate,withouttherequirementofananaerobicbag,renderedOXYasanadvantageoverotheranaerobicsystems.

简介：AIM:ToIntroduceanewspecializedvisualacuitychartforamblyopicchildrenaged3-5yearsoldanditsclinicalapplications.METHODS:ThenewvisualacuitychartandnotationsweredesignedbasedonWeber-Fechnerlaw.Theoptotypeswereredagainstawhitebackgroundandwerespeciallyshapedfourbasicgeometricsymbols:circle,square,triangle,andcross.Aregulargeometricprogressionoftheoptotypesizesanddistributionwasemployedtoarrangein14lines.Theprogressionrateoftheoptotypesizebetweentwolineswas1.2589andthetestingdistancewas3m.VisualacuityscorecouldberecordedaslogMARnotationordecimalnotation.Agestratifieddiagnosticcriteriaforamblyopiaestablishedbyconsensusstatementondiagnosisofamblyopia(2011)amongmembersoftheStrabismusandPediatricOphthalmologyGroup,OphthalmologySociety,ChineseMedicalAssociation(SPOGOSCMA)wereillustratedinthenewvisualacuitychart.RESULTS:Whenassessingvisualacuityinchildrenaged3-5yearsold,thisnewvisualacuitychartthatconsistsoffoursymmetricalshapes(triangle,square,cross,andcircle)overcameaninabilitytorecognizethelettersofthealphabetanddifficultiesindesignatingthedirectionofblackabstractsymbolssuchasthetumbling’E’orLandolt’C’,whichthesubjectswerepronetoloseinterestin.Thevisualacuityscoremayberecordedindifferentnotations:decimalacuityandlogMAR.Thesetwonotationscanbeeasilyconvertedeachotherintheneweyechart.Themeasurementsofthisnewchartnotonlyshowedasignificantcorrelationandagoodconsistencywiththeinternationalstandardlogarithmicvisualacuitychart(r=0.932,P<0.01),butalsoindicatedahightest-retestreliability(89%ofretestscoreswerewithin0.1logMARunitsoftheinitialtestscore).CONCLUSION:Theresultsofthisstudysupportthevalidityandreliabilityofdistancevisualacuitymeasurementsusingtheneweyechartinchildrenaged3to5yearsoverawiderangeofvisualacuities,andtheneweyechartisgreatforearl