简介：地处鲁南的枣庄市通过多年水土保持生态建设取得一定的成效，但仍存在认识不足、管理不够规范、治理重点不明确、重建轻管等问题。从进一步深化认识、加快改革步伐、理顺管理关系、加大管理力度、强化监督执法、严格项目审批、突出开发治理重点，搞好规划设计，科学决策等方面，提出了具体的建议和对策。

简介：TheadsorptionkineticsofPb^2+ondifferentsoilsandmineralswithvariablechargeswasstudiedbythetwoion-selectiveelectrodetechniqueatdifferentpHandconcentrations.Theresultsshowedthatmorethan95%ofadsorptiononallthesamplesoccurredduringthefirst5minutes.Alladsorptiontime-dependentdatacouldfitthesurfacesecond-orderequationverywell.ThevaluesofXmweregoethite>kaolinite,andlatosol>redsoilatthesameinitialreactionconcentration.Thevaluesofkwerekaolinite>>goethite,andlatosol>redsoilatthesamereactionpHandinitialconcentration.ThehigherthesuspensionpH,thefastertheadsorptionoccurred.ThemeaningofXmgotbythetwoion-selectiveelectrodetechnique(onekindofbatchtechnique)wasdifferentfromthatbythemiscibledisplacementtechniqueinthattheformerwasonlytheequilibriumadsorptionamountatadefiniteconcentrationandpH,butthelatterwasalmostequaltotheadsorptioncapacityatadefinitepHwithmuchlessinfluenceofconcentration.OnePb^2+wassupposedtooccupytwoadsorptionsitesastheadsorptionmechanismisconcerned.

简介：在水土保持工程坡面水系沟道断面设计中计算洪水时由于采用不同的公式，或同一公式应用不同的参数，导致结果差别较大。根据贵州省水土保持工程的特点与实际，提出坡面水系工程沟道断面设计中洪水计算的两种方法：较大面积的修正推理公式法和较小流域雨洪计算公式法，以及一些常见的注意事项，供设计参考。

简介：为提高水土保持遥感调查中的分类精度，基于虚拟地理信息系统（VirtualGIS）软件平台，构建伊洛河流域的虚拟现实环境，以SPOT5卫星2．5m空间分辨率的影像为数据源，在卫星影像的三维可视化观察的基础上，选择训练样地并定义分类模板。通过与传统二维环境下的分类模板定义技术进行比较，发现前者分类模板定义褴体精度可以达到95．48％，而后者最高达88．19％；认为虚拟现实技术可增强解译人员对遥感影像的认知能力，有助于提高分类精度，表明其在遥感影像分类方面具有较大的应用潜力。

简介：山坡地防灾工程的规划设计，常需考虑地文与水文参数，而这些参数常具有高度之不确定性。参数的不确定性导致灾害的评估结果潜藏风险，也造成防灾工程规划设计之可靠性不足；因此，首先介绍风险与可靠度分析的基本概念，然后说明如何利用此概念来进行土石流发生条件之风险概率分析，以及如何结合可靠性概率来评估高含砂水流之设计流量。

简介：山美水库是泉州市区和沿海县（市）的重要水源地，维护库区生态安全刻不容缓，本文通过分析指出水土保持是维护库区生态安全的需要，并针对库区水土流失的现状、成因和危害，提出相应防治对策，以期减少水土流失，增加地表覆盖，把绿色留住，使生态秩序走向良性循环，让百姓能喝上更安全、更好的水。

简介：为了防灾减灾,改善陕南秦巴山区群众的生存环境,对该区基本情况及洪灾发生情况作了介绍,对灾害原因进行了分析.认为造成川道水毁的原因,既有自然因素,也有人为因素,其中人为因素包括改河造田,缩小河道断面,没有为洪水留足出路,上游水土保持防治工作滞后和沟道河流疏浚跟不上等.今后,秦巴山区防洪减灾、改善生存环境的对策是:妥善处理好人与自然的关系,变与洪水争地为给洪水以出路,统筹兼顾山上与山下的关系,加强上游水土流失综合整治,搞好水土保持预防监督和河道疏浚清障等.

简介：Natural^15NabundancemethodwasusedinthisstudytoinvestigatetheN2-fiingcapacitiesofseveralherbaceousandshrublegumesbyafieldexperiment,Forherbaceouslegumes,theresultswereinconsistentwiththoseobtainedbyapotexperiment.CrotalariamucronataDesv.hadahigher,N2-fixingcapacitythanVignasinensis(L.)Savi.Forshurublegumes,N2-fixingCapacityunderfieldconditionwasslightlydifferentfromthatinpotexperiment.Theseresultsdemonstratedthatthenatural^15NabundancemethodwasapplicabletoevaluatingN2-fixingcapacitiesofherbaceousandshrublegumes,andthatpotexperimentwassuitableforevaluatingtheN2-fixingcapacitiesofnotonlyherbaceouslegumesbutalsoshrublegumes.LeguminousN2-fixingplantsdifferedinresponsetophosphorusfertilization,Phosphorusfertilizerappicationgreatlyincreasedthepercentageofnitrogenderivedfromair(%Ndfa)andtotalamountofN2fixedbyLespedezformosa(Vog.)Koehne(Jiangxi),PhosphorusfertilizershowednosignifcanteffectontheN2-fixingpercentageofCajanuscajan(L.)Millsp.butincreaseditstotalbiomass,thusincreasingthetotalamountofN2fixed.

简介：AfieldexperimentwasconductedonChinesecabbage(BrassicacampestrisL.ssp.pekinensis(Lour.)Olsson)inaNanjingsuburbin2003.Theexperimentincluded4treatmentsinarandomizedcompleteblockdesignwith3replicates:zerochemicalfertilizerN(CK);ureaatratesof300kgNha-1(U300)and600kgNha-1(U600),bothasbasalandtwotopdressings;andpolymer-coatedureaatarateof180kgNha-1(PCU180)asabasalapplication.Theacetyleneinhibitiontechniquewasusedtomeasuredenitrification(N2+N2O)fromintactsoilcoresandN2Oemissionsintheabsenceofacetylene.ResultsshowedthatcomparedtoCKtotaldenitrificationlossesweresignificantlygreater(P≤0.05)inthePCU180,U300,andU600treatments,whileN2OemissionsintheU300andU600treatmentsweresignificantlyhigher(P≤0.05)thanCK.IntheU300andU600treatmentspeaksofdenitrificationandN2OemissionwereusuallyobservedafterNapplication.Inthepolymer-coatedureatreatment(PCU180)duringtheperiod20to40daysaftertransplanting,higherdenitrificationratesandN2Ofluxesoccurred.Comparedwithurea,polymer-coatedureadidnotshowanyeffectonreducingdenitrificationlossesandN2OemissionsintermsofpercentageofappliedN.Astemperaturegraduallydecreasedfromtransplantingtoharvest,denitrificationratesandN2Oemissionstendedtodecrease.Asignificant(P≤0.01)positivecorrelationoccurredbetweendenitrification(r=0.872)orN2Oemission(r=0.781)fluxdensitiesandsoiltemperatureintheCKtreatmentwithastablenitratecontentduringthewholegrowingseason.

简介：Anopen-topchamberexperimentwasconductedattheUniversityofMichiganBiologicalStationnearPellston,Michigan,USA,tostudytheeffectsofsoilfertilityandCO2onleaf,stemandrootdarkrespiration(Rd)ofPopulustremuloides.Overall,area-baseddaytimeleafRd(Rda)wassignificantlygreateratelevatedthanatambientCO2inhigh-fertilitysoil,butnotinlow-fertilitysoil.Mass-basedleafRd(Rdm)wasoverallgreaterforhigh-thanforlow-fertilitysoilgrowntreesatelevated,butnotatambientCO2.NighttimeleafRdaandRdmwereunaffectedbysoilfertilityorCO2,norwasstemRda,whichrangedfrom1.0to1.4μmolm-2s-1inthespringand3.5to4.5μmolm-2s-1inthesummer.RootRdawassignificantlyhigherinhigh-thaninlow-fertilitysoil,butwasunaffectedbyCO2.SincebiomassproductionofP.tremuloideswillbesignificantlygreateratelevatedCO2whilespecificRdwilleitherincreaseorremainunchanged,wepredictthatcarbonlosstotheatmospherethroughrespirationfromthisecologicallyimportantspecieswouldincreaseathigherCO2.SoilfertilitywouldalsointeractwithelevatedCO2inaffectingthecarbonflowintheplant-soil-airsystem.

简介：PotexperimentswerecarriedouttoestimateN2fixationbyvetch,milkvetch,sicklealfalfaandbroadbeaninpurestandusinga^15N-labelledsoil.Winterwheatwasusedasthenon-fixingcontrol.The15N-labelledsoilusedwaspreparedbygrowingcorn-wheat-cornsuccessivelyonanearlyorganic-matter-freeXiashuloesssupplementedwithadequateamountsof(15NH4)2SO4,P,Kandmicronutrients,thenincorporatingthese15N-labelledplantmaterialsintothesoilaftereachhavest,andallowingtheplantmaterialstobedecomposedaerobicallyfor410dafterincorporationoftheplantmaterialofthethirecrop.The15Nenrichmentofwheatplant-Nvariedslightlywithorgans,withamaximumdifferenceof9.8%,Basedon15NenrichmentofsoilNinferredfromthemeanvalueofthe15Nenrichmentindifferentorgansofwheat79%-91%oftotalNinthetopsand67%-74%oftotalNintherootsoflegumesstudiedwerederivedfromatmosphere.EstimatebyisotopedilutionmethodwasingoodagreementwiththatbytheconventionaldifferencemethodprovidedvaluesobtainedbythelatterwerecorrectedforseedN,andalsowiththatfromthemeasurementofNaccumulatedinthetopsofthelegumes.

简介：就台湾集水区经营的问题和现况，从集水区分类、订立明确目标、配置、经费负担和有效训练人员5个方面进行了探讨。通过集水区分析，布设其土地利用方式，为规划者提供监测与评估之步骤。

简介：宁化县农业生态工作存在的主要问题是:水土流失严重;森林植被屡遭破坏;耕地面积萎缩,地力下降;农业环境污染加重;农业气象灾害频繁.并针对此提出加强宣传教育,增强农业生态保护意识;保护和培育森林资源,搞好水土保持;切实保护耕地,防治环境污染;加强农业基本建设,增强农业抗灾能力的对策.

简介：Theannualseriesofδ13CweremeasuredintreeringsofthreeCryptomeriafortuneidisks(CF-1,CF-2,andCF-3)collectedfromWestTianmuMountain,ZhejiangProvince,China,accordingtocross-datingtreeringages.Therewasnoobviousdecreasingtrendoftheδ13CannualtimeseriesofCF-2before1835.However,from1835to1982thethreetreeringδ13Cannualseriesexhibitedsimilardecreasingtrendsthatweresignificantly(P≤0.001)correlated.Thedistributioncharacteristicsofascatterdiagrambetweenestimatedδ13CseriesofCF-2frommodelingandtheatmosphericCO2concentrationextractedfromtheLawDomeicecorefrom1840to1978wereanalyzedandacurvilinearregressionequationforreconstructingatmosphericCO2concentrationwasestablishedwithR2=0.98.Also,atestofindependentsamplesindicatedthatbetween1685and1839thereconstructedatmosphericCO2concentrationusingtheδ13CseriesofCF-2hadacloserelationshipwiththeLawDomeandSipleicecores,withastandarddeviationof1.98.ThegeneralincreasingtrendofthereconstructedatmosphericCO2concentrationcloselyreflectedthelong-termvariationofatmosphericCO2concentrationrecordedbothbeforeandaftertheIndustrialRevolution.Between1685and1840theevaluatedatmosphericCO2concentrationwasstable,butafter1840itexhibitedarapidincrease.Givenalongerδ13Cannualtimeseriesoftreerings,itwasfeasibletorebuildarepresentativetimeseriestodescribetheatmosphericCO2concentrationforanearlierperiodandforyearsthatwerenotintheicecorerecord.

简介：农业综合开发水土保持项目是国家治理水土流失的一项重要举措，也是进一步发展农村生产力，提高农业综合生产能力的有效途径。通过农民筹资投劳缓解了水保资金的压力，在实施了3年的项目中，对当前农民筹资投劳面临的矛盾进行了分析，提出了相应的对策和建议。

简介：本文分析了东江水源区(东江上中游)水土资源持续利用的主要问题在于原生植被的过度砍伐,果业开发和速生商品林的建设及工业项目开发建设水保措施不落实,工业污染和城乡"三废"未有效处理,水资源受益区与保护区行政区划分隔,上下游水土资源保护的得、失不平衡;同时,提出了从落实各地政府的水土资源保护责任、建立流域生态协商机制、探索流域生态补偿机制等方面促进生态环境改善和水土资源可持续利用.

简介：淤地坝建设是治黄减沙的关键措施,为了加快淤地坝工程的修建,需要利用快速的筑坝技术,而快速筑坝中的质量控制是一个十分重要的问题,本文从多个方面分析了快速筑坝质量控制的方法,具有很强的可操作性,对快速建筑淤地坝工程的质量控制具有重要的意义.

简介：为探讨我国湿地的保护和合理利用问题，提出实用性较强的中国湿地类型分类系统；论述各类湿地的分布特征；分析我国湿地保护与利用中存在的水问题，如湿地生态需水严重短缺、水体污染加剧、泥沙淤积日益严重、生物多样性下降等；并以黑龙江扎龙湿地为例，对其主要水问题进行具体分析；提出破解湿地水问题的重要途径。

简介：本文针对重要水源地水环境和水安全问题，以福建为例系统分析了主要河流及水源地水质现状、污染程度以及水质变差的主要问题与动因。以科学发展观为指导，提出了应加强水源地水质污染影响机制与管理模式的研究；科学规划、推广山地水土保持新技术，建设生态果园；加大投入，建立水源地补偿机制；全面推行清洁生产，从源头控制污染；加大宣传力度，强化生态意识的综合治理体系与生态调控保护对策。

简介：通过对浦城县南浦溪流域的水土保持调查分析与评价，针对流域水土流失逐渐恶化问题作深入探讨，并提出了该流域水土保持的主要措施与对策。