简介：Thesustainableuseofrenewableresourceshasbecomeanimportantissueworldwideinthemovetowardsalessfossil-fuel-intensivefuture.Mainstreammethodforfulfillingthisaimistoincreasetheshareofrenewableenergyandmaterialstosubstitutefossilfuelsandtobecomefullyindependentfromfossilfuelsoverthelong-term.However,theenvironmentalsustainabilityofthisendeavorhasbeenquestioned.Inaddition,economicandsocialsustainabilityissuesarealsomuchdebatedtopicsinthisparticularcontext.Forestresourcesareoftenthoughttocontributepartiallytoachievingaso-called'carbon-neutralsociety'.Inthisreview,wediscusssustainabilityissuesofusingforestbiomass.Wepresentseveralsustainabilityindicatorsforecological,economicandsocialdimensionsanddiscusstheissuesinapplyingtheminsustainabilityimpactassessments(SIAs).WealsopresentanumberoftoolsandmethodspreviouslyusedinconductingSIAs.WeapproachourstudyfromtheperspectiveoftheFinnishforestry;inaddition,variousaspectsregardingtheapplicationofSIAsinabroadercontextarealsopresented.Oneofthekeyconclusionsofthestudyisthatalthoughsufficientdataareavailabletomeasuremanyindicatorsaccurately,theimpactsmaybeverydifficulttoassess(e.g.impactofgreenhousegasesonbiodiversity)forconductingaholisticSIA.Furthermore,someindicators,suchas'biodiversity',aredifficulttoquantifyinthefirstplace.Therefore,amixofdifferentmethods,suchasMulti-criteriaAssessment,Life-cycleAssessmentorCost-BenefitAnalysis,aswellasdifferentapproaches(e.g.thresholdsandstrong/weaksustainability)areneededinaggregatingtheresultsoftheimpacts.SIAsareimportantinsupportingandimprovingtheacceptabilityofdecision-making,butacertaindegreeofuncertaintywillalwayshavetobetolerated.

简介：Currentlymoreattentionhasbeenpaidtosustainableforestmanagement(SFM)allovertheworld.Thepapergivesthepresentationofcriteriaandindicators(C&I)forSFMatinternational,national,regionalandmanagementunitlevels.Undertheinternationalframework,thepapersummarizesthedevelopingsituationofC&IforSFMinChinaandgivesthesuggestiononhowtopromoteitsdevelopment.

简介：低氮(N)可获得性经常导致桉树类种植园的减少的生产率。我们学习了四桉树类种植园的反应(E的二种植园。沿海的低地上的tereticornis，和E的二种植园。宏大在西方的Ghats的高地区域，Kerala，印度)到N增加并且象N可获得性的另外的索引一样联系了这回答到季节的N矿化作用，为了检验土壤的用途，为预言桉树类生长的反应到增加的N化肥基于N矿化作用的指示物。几生物化学的指示物被检验让他们的能力预言反应到N化肥，包括全部的土壤N，土壤C:在厌氧、氧气的孵化期间释放的N比率，和N。结果证明氮化肥增加从7%～70%越过4个地点增加了生产率，在氧气的孵化期间释放的N越过4个地点(R2=0.92,p<0.01)与化肥反应有最高的关联，并且那建模的季节的土壤Nmineralisation比在氧气的孵化期间释放的N是化肥反应的一个更差的预言者。虽然一些这些指示物是有希望的，他们需要更宽的确认并且在他们能是以前，测试习惯性地适用。