简介：Disturbancesthatcreategapscanshapethestructureandfunctionofforests.However,suchdisturbanceregimesinAsiantropicalmontanerainforestsremainlargelyunquantified.Leaststudiedaretyphoondisturbancesthatareattributabletoclimatechange.Weinvestigatedgapcharacteristicsintermsofsize,age,andgapmakertoquantifythegapdisturbanceregimesinanintactold-growthtropicalmontanerainforestonHainanIsland,China.Theintensityoftyphoonshasincreasedsince1949,andtyphoonwindsblowmostly(45.5%)fromthenortheastcornerofHainanIsland,resultinginahigherfrequencyofgapsinthenortheast.Atotalof221gap-makers(treesthatfelltocreatecanopygaps)and53gapswereobservedina3.16haold-growthrainforest.Mostcanopygaps(85%)were\200m2.Theaveragesizeofcanopygapswassmallerintherainforestthaninothertropicalforests,whiletheaveragesizeofexpandedgapswassimilartothoseinothertropicalforests.Themaximumageofgapswas23.5yearsindicatingthatgapshadmorerapidturnoverthanotherpartsoftropicalforests.Thefrequencydistributionofgap-makersfollowedalognormaldistributionwithadistinctivepeakatthreegap-makers,whichwasdifferentfromtheinverseJ-shapedcurvetypicalofothertropicalforests.Gapswererecordedmainlyonslopesbetween20_and35_andwooddensityofgap-makerswasbetween0.6and0.7gcm-3.Ourresultssuggestthatsmall-scaledisturbancewasthedominantagentofgapformationinthisold-growthrainforestthatissubjecttoincreasingtyphoondisturbances.

简介：自从1990年代，在朝鲜，损坏与气候变化有关的台风稳定地增加了。红松(Pinusdensiflora)在光纽恩格·福雷斯特的森林被台风Kompasu极大地在2010扰乱。调查被执行在地面甲壳虫澄清差别(翘目：Carabidae)在森林差距和undamaged森林之间的社区。地面甲壳虫从早5月用陷井陷井被取样到2011年10月下旬。植被变化，崽层，有机物层，和土壤条件也被测量。32种类的1035地面甲壳虫的一个总数是镇定的。与我们的期望相反，地面的种类丰富，丰富，和社区结构在森林差距急速移动类似于undamaged森林里的那些。种类丰富和许多产地类型也是类似的。然而，在森林差距的种类差异和估计的种类丰富比在undamaged森林里显著地高。这些调查结果建议台风形成的森林差距没导致伟人改变观点甲壳虫社区。