简介:TheRamanspectraof3%(molefraction)Y2O3-ZrO2(3Y)areobtainedatdifferenttemperaturefrom77Kto853K.Theresultsshowthat260cm-1Egand460cm-1Egmodesonthespectrashifttowardlowerwavenumberwiththeincreaseoftemperature;meanwhile,thecontinuityoftheHalfWidthatHalfMaximum(HWHM)andwavenumber(frequency)ofRamanbandsarebrokenandt-phaseonlypartiallytransformstom-phaseat523K.Basedontheexperimentalresults,thispaperdiscussesthet-phaselatticevibrationof3YandpresentstheimagesofvibrationdisplacementofsixRaman-activemodesfort-phaseofZrO2.TheanalysisindicatesthattherearediversitiesexistinginthedisplacementoftheatomicvibrationofRaman-activemodesbecauseoftheirdifferentsymmetriesatvarioustemperature,whichleadstothedifferentchangetendenciesofRamanbands.Furthermore,theabruptchangesofsomeRaman-activemodesindicatingtheatomicdisplacementareassumedtobethecondensationsofphononmodesinthet→mphasetransition.
简介:Inordertorealizetheco-firingwithAg/Pdelectrodesinmultilayerdevices,Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)1-,-yZrxTiyO3(0.25<x<0.35,0.25<y<0.35)piezoelectricceramics(hereafterdesignatedPZN-PZT)modifiedbyLa2O3hasbeenpreparedbyconventionaltechniquewithsinteringtemperaturefrom1100℃to1140℃.X-raydiffractionpatternsdemonstratedthatpureperovskitephasewasobtained.Secondaryelectronimage(SEI)showedthatcrystallinegrainsinceramicswerewellgrown.d33ofmanufacturedsamplewasashighas560×10-12C/N.kpwasabout0.61andtgδabout30×10-3.TheexistenceofliquidphaseexaminedbyelectrondiffractioninPZN-PZTsampleisbeneficialtosinteringoftheceramic.
简介:阳离子高分子通过静电相互作用与带负电荷的DNA分子形成聚电解质复合物并介导DNA在体外、体内转染细胞是重要的非病毒基因治疗方法。阳离子高分子基因治疗在体内应用主要是通过注射(静脉注射、肌肉注射等)和植入(植入表面负载聚阳离子/DNA复合物的材料)等方法实现的。阳离子高分子基因载体安全、易于制备,在过去十多年发展迅速,已成为生物医用高分子的前沿领域和研究热点。报道了对生物可降解高分子基因载体进行的系统研究,包括以季戊四醇、肌醇、间苯三甲酸、1,4,7,10-四氮杂十二烷为核的聚酰胺-胺树形高分子和聚磷酰胺介导的体外、体内基因传递,研究了聚阳离子基因载体的分子结构与基因传递效率之间的关系,最好的转染效率与聚乙烯亚胺相当,但比聚乙烯亚胺的毒性低得多。半乳糖-聚酰胺胺树形高分子结合体与荧光素酶基因的复合物通过受体介导胞吞作用靶向基因传递到HepG2细胞系,提高肝细胞的转染效率。半乳糖-聚磷酰胺结合体与荧光素酶基因的复合物通过门静脉和胆管注射能大大提高荧光素酶基因在小鼠和大鼠肝脏中的表达。利用主链重复单元含硫硫键的新型聚阳离子与质粒DNA通过静电相互作用制备聚电解质多层膜,利用硫硫键在还原条件下还原裂解的特点,成功实现...