简介:在无线射频技术中,一般均会涉及到经过天线向空中辐射射频功率的问题。通常情况下有关功率的概念是简单而又清晰的,但是经过天线这一环节之后,情况变得有些复杂。人们常常将erp(等/有效辐射)功率与eirp(等/有效全向辐射)功率的物理意义混淆,并造成误解。在天线的增益描述方面也存在相类似的情况,天线增益的单位有dBd与dBi,两者之间的含义差别,常混淆不清。本文将在模型定义的基础上,对天线的辐射功率及相关单位进行分析;详细讨论有关等效全向辐射功率eirp与等效辐射功率erp的概念与相互关系;在引入点源全向辐射天线、半波偶极子辐射天线及参考天线的概念后,详细讨论天线增益单位dBd与dBi定义的来历及其换算关系以达到明析物理概念。正确掌握与运用erp/eirp和dBd/dBi的概念,有助于为RFID读写器设计提供一个清晰的输出功率参照。
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