简介:美国AppliedGeomechanics公司,研制成功了一种可评价水力裂缝尺寸,油层和井眼状况的水力阻力试井工艺。与常规的压力不稳定试井工艺相比,它具有施工速度快,成本低和安全系数大等优点。该工艺不需要昂贵的和不安全的井下工具,可获得现有工艺不能获得的资料,而且操作简单,可节省人力和降低设备成本。所需测量,只用一个井口压力传感器即可完成。水力阻力试井工艺是一种利用井眼共振来探测井下和地层状态的方法。井眼共振可用几何形状和横截而特征来描述。裂缝可强烈地影响井眼的共振形态,并产生频率和振幅特异的调制波。裂缝越大其影响就越大,裂缝的这一影响,可用一个称作"水力阻力"的参数来描述。操作过程为,关闭井口以引起
简介:本文描述了运用单相二维数值模型研究被两条无限或有限导流能力的、互相正交的裂缝穿过的井的动态。定产量压力降落测试的模拟分析表明,在井眼处存在有限导流能力(C?<500)的正交裂缝的情况下,井的不稳定流动特性并不显示出双线性流和地层线性流的阶段特征。但是,当裂缝的导流能力为无限(C?>500)时,则可观察到地层线性流的阶段特征。这一阶段可用来确定裂缝半长,该裂缝半长等于两条裂缝半长的总和(xf+yf)。研究表明,对于任意导流能力,拟径向流阶段开始的时间随着yf/xf的增大而减小;当yf/xf给定时,则随着裂缝导流能力的增大而增大。当裂缝导流能力为无限时,单条水力裂缝的生产能力高于总长度相等的两条水力裂缝的生产能力。但是,当裂缝的导流能力较低时,两条水力裂缝的生产能力比单条缝更高。
简介:Webuiltathree-dimensionalmodeltosimulatethedisturbanceofthestressfieldnearthereversefaultinZhaziao,LeyiTownshipowingtohydraulicfracturing.Theporepressure,andshearandnormalstressesduringfracturingareanalyzedindetail.Inputrockmechanicsparametersaretakenfromlaboratorytestdataofshalesamplesfromthestudyarea.Thesimulationresultssuggestthatafter16hoursoffluidinjection,thepore-pressurevariationcanactivatethereversefault,i.e.,weobservereverseslip,andtheshearstressanddisplacementonthefaultplaneincreasewithtime.Thebiggeststress–strainchangeoccursafteronehouroffluidinjectionandtheyieldpointappearsabout0.5hafterinjection.Toobservethestressevolutionineachsection,thenormaldisplacementontheboundaryisconstrainedandthefaultplaneissetasnonpermeable.Thus,theslidingislimitedandthesheardisplacementisonlyinthescaleofmillimeters,andthecalculatedmagnitudeoftheinducedearthquakesisbetweenMw-3.5andMw-0.2.Thesimulationresultssuggestthatfluidwaterinjectionresultsininhomogeneousfracturing.Themainrupturedareasarearoundtheinjectionpositions,whereastheextentofrupturingandcracksinotherareasarerelativelysmall.Nevertheless,nonnegligiblefaultactivationisrecorded.Sensitivityanalysisofthekeyparameterssuggeststhattheporepressureismostsensitivetothemaximumunbalancedforceandtheinternalfrictionanglestronglyaffectsthefaultslip.Finally,thecomparisonbetweentheeffectivenormalstressandthemaximumandminimumprincipalstressesonthefaultplaneexplainsthefaultinstability,i.e.,theMohrcirclemovestowardstheleftwithdecreasingradiusreducesandintersectsthecriticalslipenvelope,andcausesthefaulttoslip.