简介:b值是研究地震活动的重要指标,其广泛应用于地震危险性分析和地震预测研究之中,与实际资料的完整性、样本量的大小、计算方法等因素有着重要的关系。常见的b值计算方法有最小二乘法和最大似然法,样本量的大小对这2种方法影响很大。本文利用蒙特卡罗模拟地震目录和汾渭地震带实际目录作为样本,从中抽取不同大小的样本量进行计算,研究不同样本量下这2种方法计算得到的b值与设定值或真实值之间的差别。结果表明,最小二乘法需要的最低样本量为1000,最大似然法为200;当样本量达不到要求时,计算出的b值是不可靠的;由于对样本量的要求不同,前者适用于计算区域的整体b值,而后者在研究某区域b值在时间轴上的变化方面更有优势。本研究为确定2种b值计算方法对样本量的最低要求提供了参考依据。
简介:WeusedearthquakecatalogsrecordedbyGuangdongSeismologicalNetworkfrom2008to2014toresolvethespatialvariationsofb-valuesinthecoastalareaofGuangdong,particularlyinthreekeyresearchareas(Yangjiang,Heyuan,andoffshoreNanaoIsland)withstrongseismicity.Ourresultsrevealedthatb-valuesexhibitedsignificantspatialvariations,andzoneswithlowb-valuescouldindicatethemostlikelyseismogenicareaoflargeearthquakes.Weobservedthreeclearlowb-valuepatchesintheoffshoreNanaoIsland.Wefoundadistincthighb-valuepeakatthedepthof11kmandtwominimumpeaksatabout14and7–8kmintheYangjiangarea.Theoverallb-valuesgenerallydecreasewithdepthintheHeyuanarea.Thespatialvariationsofb-valuesreflecttectonicanomalies;thatis,the‘low-high-low’distributionofb-valuesintheoffshoreNanaoIslandandtheYangjiangareamayindicatetheanomalyofthecrustalstructurewithaweaklayer.Theb-valuesofreservoir-inducedseismicityareobviouslylowerthanthatinducedbytectonism.Thisfindingindicatesthatthereservoirareaisgenerallyathighstressstateundertheconditionofhighporepressure.Weinferredthatlargeearthquakesmightbepronetooccurat10–12kmdepthintheoffshoreNanaoIsland,at12–15kmdepthintheYangjiangarea,andatthelowerpartoftheseismicactivityzoneintheHeyuanarea.Moreover,theupstreamareaoftheXinfengjiangreservoiristhemostlikelyareaoffuturelargeearthquakesintheHeyuanarea.
简介:Inthefirsthalfyearof2018,therewerechangesinChina'seconomic,industrialstructureandthechangesingovernment'spolicyonlandandmineralresources.China'sgeologicalexplorationiscontinuedtomaintainatrendofthegrowth.Thefundinvestmentingeologicalexplorationdeclinedandtheimpetusforinvestmentininitialexplorationwasinsufficient.Theminingmarketshowedagooddevelopmenttrendandthesocialinvestmentdepictedaslightrise.Inthefirsthalfoftheyear,theinvestmentsinhydrogeologicexploration,environmentalgeologyexplorationandgeologicaldisasterinvestigationincreasedontheyear-onyearbasis.
简介:Theattenuationfactororqualityfactor(Q-factororQ)hasbeenusedtomeasuretheenergyattenuationofseismicwavespropagatinginundergroundmedia.ManymethodsareusedtoestimatetheQ-factor.WeproposeamethodtocalculatetheQ-factorbasedontheprestackQ-factorinversionandthegeneralizedS-transform.TheproposedmethodspecifiesastandardprimarywaveletandcalculatesthecumulativeQ-factors;then,itfindstheinterlaminarQ-factorsusingtherelationbetweenQandoffset(QVO)andtheDixformula.TheproposedmethodisalternativetomethodsthatcalculateinterlaminarQ-factorsafterhorizonpicking.Becausethefrequencyspectrumofeachhorizoncanbeextractedcontinuouslyona2Dtime–frequencyspectrum,themethodiscalledthecontinuousspectralratioslope(CSRS)method.ComparedwiththeotherQ-inversionmethods,themethodoffersnearlyeffortlesscomputationsandstability,andhasmathematicalandphysicalsignificance.WeusenumericalmodelingtoverifythefeasibilityofthemethodandapplyittorealdatafromanoilfieldinAhdeb,Iraq.TheresultssuggestthattheresolutionandspatialstabilityoftheQ-profileareoptimalandcontainabundantinterlaminarinformationthatisextremelyhelpfulinmakinglithologyandfluidpredictions.
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简介:塔里木盆地库车坳陷的S气井所在气藏表现为超高压低孔低渗砂岩凝析气藏特征,现场关井测试时间较短,导致未出现径向流或边界特征,采用常规试井解释方法进行不稳定试井资料的解释时呈现多解性。因此,针对该井历次测试中的压力恢复数据,对比分析“直井+有限导流+均质+矩形封闭边界”模型和“直井+有限导流+均质+平行封闭边界”模型常规试井解释的全程压力史拟合结果发现,选用“直井+有限导流+均质+矩形封闭边界”模型对历次压力恢复双对数特征曲线及压力历史拟合较好,与反褶积试井解释结果所表现出的全封闭边界特征吻合。结果表明,反褶积试井综合了多次压力恢复测试及生产数据,获取了比单次压力恢复常规试井更多、更全的边界信息,能更好地拟合整个生产历史,提高了试井解释结果的准确性和工作效率,对低渗透油气藏的不稳定试井解释具有指导意义。
简介:Comparedtotowedstreamers,ocean-bottomseismometers(OBS)obtainbothS-wavedataandricherwavefieldinformation.Inthispaper,theinducedpolarizationmethodisusedtoconductwavefieldseparationonOBSdataobtainedfromtheShenhuareaintheSouthChinaSea.AcomparisonofthechangesinP-andS-waves,andacomprehensiveanalysisofgeologicalfactorswithinthearea,enableanalysisanddescriptionoftheoccurrenceofnaturalgashydrateinthestudyarea.ResultsshowanincreaseinP-wavevelocitywhennaturalgashydrateexistsintheformation,whereastheS-wavevelocityremainsalmostconstant,asS-wavescanonlypropagatethroughtherockskeleton.Therefore,thebottom-simulatingreflection(BSR)responseoftheP-waveisbetterthanthatoftheS-waveinthefrequencyanalysisprofile.Inawide-anglesection,therefractivewaveofthehydratelayerisevidentwhenusingP-wavecomponentsbutidentificationisdifficultwithS-wavecomponents.ThisvelocitymodelillustratesthesensitivityofPandS-wavecomponentstogashydrate.TheuseofthispolarizationmethodandresultsofanalysisprovidetechnicalandtheoreticalsupportforresearchonhydratedepositsandothergeologicalfeaturesintheShenhuarea.
简介:基于降水与地形起伏之间的非平稳关系,结合有限的观测降水数据,利用GWR回归模型,对贵州喀斯特山区的TRMM3B43降水资料进行降尺度和校准,最终得到空间分辨率为1km×1km的降水量分布数据并进行了验证。结果显示:(1)考虑地形起伏和降水空间非平稳性的GWR模型,提高了贵州喀斯特山区TRMM3B43遥感降水资料的空间分辨率和准确度。(2)不同时间尺度的验证结果表明,在与观测降水的相关统计中,TRMM降尺度降水具有较TRMM3B43降水更高的统计精度和更小的误差,更接近于地面观测降水;该降尺度算法在贵州降水较少的时间尺度更加接近真实值。(3)当TRMM3B43可以被重采样的地形起伏度(RDLS)进行准确预测时,TRMM3B43的精度是GWR降尺度算法中的主要误差源;当区域的降水与地形起伏弱相关或无关时,应考虑引入其他影响降水的空间变量来修正这一空间非平稳性关系。