简介：在这研究，通过了台湾海峡的三热带气旋(TC)被分析；我们的结果与TC的紧张有关直接证明降水不是。从水预算的观点，潮湿流动集中主导、贡献为在在陆地上的海洋和几乎所有上的TC降水的70%潮湿，特别在TC发行量内。他们的空间分布也是类似的。蒸发在海洋上为降水贡献了30%潮湿，但是与时间改变了很少。潮湿流动集中能被划分成二部分：弯屈集中和潮湿移流。潮湿流动集中主要由于风集中，它在TC的西南的象限是主导的。潮湿移流位于北区域，并且当TC接近了陆地时，变得相对重要。潮湿流动集中和它的二部分在TC运动期间变化了，与乍见陆地加强和近在场的潮湿集中的收缩。三个TC盒子的垂直结构都显示潮湿集中主要在800hPa下面被限制到更低的空气，一个弱分叉区域在在550hPa附近的中间的对流层是在场的。

简介：FieldexperimentswereconductedontotalloadtransportintheChelichayRiverBasin,amountainouscatchment(1,400km~2)locatedinnortheasternofIran,toevaluatetotalloadformulasincludingfourgravelbedriversandasandbedriver(QaresooRiver).GravelbedriversinChelichayRiverBasincanbegroupedintotwotypes;steepsloperiverswithhighshearvalues(ChehelchayRiverandKhormalooRiver)andmildsloperiverswithlowshearvalues(NarmabRiverandSoosaraRiver).Twodepthintegratingsuspendedloadsamplers(DH-48andD-49),andtwobedloadsamplers(Helley-SmithandBLSH)wereusedtomeasuretotalload.Theperformanceistestedof8totalloadtransportformulaeincluding4macroscopicand4microscopicmethods.Asystematicandthoroughanalysisof59setsofdatacollectedfromsandbedriverindicatethatYangandEngelundandHansenreachtothebetterresults,andfromfourgravelbedriversconfirmedthatthemethodsofKarimandKennedyandEngelundandHansenyieldsthebestresultsforsteepsloperivers,andthemethodsofEinsteinandBijkerarerankedhighestingradualsloperivers.

简介：Terrestrialfaultedlacustrinebasinisconsideredasafavorableplaceforthedevelopmentofsourcerocks,especiallythefaultbasinsineasternChina.BasedonmolecularcompositionstudyofsaturatedandaromatichydrocarbonsintheextractsofsourcerocksoftheYingchengandShaheziformationsintheLishuFaultDepression,itisrevealedthattheextractsofsourcerocksareprovidedwithlowratioofPr/Ph,lowcontentofC24tetracyclicterpanes,highcontentoftricyclicterpanesandgammacerane,relativelyhighcontentofC27steranesinthesagbeltanditsperiphery;relativelyhighratioofPr/Ph,relativelyhighcontentoftetracyclicterpanesandgammacerane,lowcontentofC27steranesandobviousadvantagesofC29steranesinitsgentleslopebelt;withhighratioofPr/Ph,highcontentofC19,C20tricyclicandC24tetracyclicterpanes,verylowcontentofgammaceraneandC27steranes,andhighcontentofC29steranesintheedgeoffaultdepression.Accordingtotheorganicmatterinputandsedimentaryenvironment,threetypesofsourcerockshavebeenestablished,which,respectively,arethemodeofmixingorganicmatterinputindeepandsemi-deeplake,theadvantageofterrigenousinputinshallowlakeandterrigenousinputinshore-shallowlacustrine.Thefirstmodeissupposedtogenerateoilandgas,whilethesecondonetendstogenerateoil.ThedistributioncharacteristicsofoilandgasintheLishuFaultDepressionareverylikelytobecontrolledbyhydrocarbongeneratingcharacteristicofdifferentsourcerocktypes.

简介：Inthispaper,theforecastingequationsofa2nd-orderspace-timedifferentialremainderarededucedfromtheNavier-StokesprimitiveequationsandEulerianoperatorbyTaylor-seriesexpansion.Hereweintroduceacubicsplinenumericalmodel(SplineModelforshort),whichiswithaquasi-Lagrangiantime-splitintegrationschemeoffittingcubicspline/bicubicsurfacetoallphysicalvariablefieldsintheatmosphericequationsonsphericaldiscretelatitude-longitudemesh.Anewalgorithmof'fittingcubicspline—timestepintegration—fittingcubicspline—……'isdevelopedtodeterminetheirfirst-and2nd-orderderivativesandtheirupstreampointsfortimediscreteintegraltothegoverningequationsinSplineModel.AndthecubicsplinefunctionanditsmathematicalpolaritiesarealsodiscussedtounderstandtheSplineModel’smathematicalfoundationofnumericalanalysis.ItispointedoutthattheSplineModelhasmathematicallawsof'convergence'ofthecubicsplinefunctionscontractingtotheoriginalfunctionsaswellasits1st-orderand2nd-orderderivatives.The'optimality'ofthe2nd-orderderivativeofthecubicsplinefunctionsisoptimalapproximationtothatoftheoriginalfunctions.Inaddition,aHermitebicubicpatchisequivalenttooperateonagridfora2nd-orderderivativevariablefield.Besides,theslopesandcurvaturesofacentraldifferenceareidentifiedrespectively,withasmoothingcoefficientof1/3,three-pointsmoothingofthatofacubicspline.Thentheslopesandcurvaturesofacentraldifferencearecalculatedfromthesmoothingcoefficient1/3andthree-pointsmoothingofthatofacubicspline,respectively.Furthermore,aglobalsimulationcaseofadiabatic,non-frictionaland'incompressible'modelatmosphereisshownwiththequasi-LagrangiantimeintegrationbyusingaglobalSplineModel,whoseinitialconditioncomesfromtheNCEPreanalysisdata,alongwithquasi-uniformlatitude-longitudegridsandtheso-called'shallowatmosphere'Navier-Stokesprimitiveequationsinthes