简介：Atmosphericescapeisakeyprocesscontrollingthelongtermevolutionofplanets.Radiativecoolingcompetesforenergyagainstatmosphericescapeinplanetaryupperatmospheres.Inthiswork,weuseapopulationbalancemethodandaMonteCarlomodeltocalculatethepreviouslyignoredemissionsofmetals(C,N,Oandtheirions)andcomparethemwithradiativerecombinationofHIIandLy-αemissionofHI,whicharethemostefficientcoolingmechanismscurrentlyrecognizedintheupperatmospheresofhotJupiters.TheresultsshowthattheemissionsofC,N,Oandtheirionsarestrongnon-linearfunctionsofenvironmentalparameters(temperature,density,etc.)andarelikelytobeefficientcoolingmechanismsintheupperatmospheresofclose-inexoplanets.

简介：作为一艘轮船的可操作性，近遨游到一个银行被sidewall影响，对调遣稳定性的轮船的评价是重要的。平面运动机制(PMM)测量的水动力学衍生物测试提供一个方法预言轮船可操作性的变化。这份报纸由使用不稳定的RANS方程与变体距离介绍PMM模型测试的数字模拟给一个垂直银行。一种混合动态网孔技术被开发认识到网孔配置并且当轮船接近银行时，动态PMM测试重新协调。建议方法被把数字结果与一条传播的水隧道的PMM测试的结果作比较验证。轮船的一阶的水动力学衍生物从侧面的力量的时间历史被分析并且偏航时刻根据多重跑的模仿过程和有ship-sidewall距离的水动力学衍生物的变化被给。直线稳定性和方向性的稳定性也被讨论并且稳定或不稳定的地区比例衍生物(PD)为方向性的稳定性的控制器参数被显示出，它能是为当航行在一条河岸附近时，保留操作的路线的引用。

简介：Close-rangehyperspectralimagesareapromisingsourceofinformationinplantbiology,inparticular,forinvivostudyofphysiologicalchanges.Inthisstudy,weinvestigatehowdatafusioncanimprovethedetectionofleafelementsbycombiningpixelreflectanceandmorphologicalinformation.Thedetectionofimageregionsassociatedtotheleafstructuresisthefirststeptowardquantitativeanalysisonthephysicaleffectsthatgeneticmanipulation,diseaseinfections,andenvironmentalconditionshaveinplants.WetestedourfusionapproachonMusaacuminata(banana)leafimagesandcompareditsdiscriminantcapabilitytosimilartechniquesusedinremotesensing.Experimentalresultsdemonstratetheefficiencyofourfusionapproach,withsignificantimprovementsoversomeconventionalmethods.

简介：Techniquesofartificially-triggeredlightninghaveprovidedasignificantlyusefulmeanstodirectlymeasurevariousphysicalparametersoflightningdischargeandtoconductresearchonprotectionmethodsoflightningelectromagneticpulses.Inthisstudy,usingcapacitiveandresistivedividers,currentprobesandopticalfibertransmissiondevices,wemeasuredandanalyzedtheinducedovervoltageontheoverheadtransmissionlineandtheovercurrentthroughSurgeProtectiveDevices(SPD)whenalightningdischargewasartificiallytriggerednearbyonAugust12,2008atConghuaFieldLightningExperimentSite.Thetriggeredlightningdischargecontainedaninitialcurrentstageandeightreturnstrokeswhosepeakcurrentsrangedfrom6.6kAto26.4kA.WefoundthatovercurrentsthroughSPDwereinducedonthepowerlinebothduringtheinitialcontinuouscurrentstageandthereturnstrokeprocesses.Duringthereturnstrokes,theresidualvoltageandthecurrentthroughtheSPDlasteduptothems(millisecond)range,andtheovercurrentsexhibitedameanwaveformupto22/69μswithapeakvalueoflessthan2kA.Basedontheobserveddata,simplecalculationsshowthatthecorrespondingsingledischargeenergywasmuchgreaterthanthevaluesofthehighvoltagepulsegeneratorscommonlyusedintheexperimentsregulatedforSPD.TheSPDdischargecurrentpeakwasnotsynchronoustothatoftheresidualvoltagewiththeformerobviouslylaggingbehindthelatter.TheSPDdischargecurrentpeakwaswellcorrelatedwiththetriggeredlightningcurrentpeakandthewave-frontcurrentgradient.ThelongdurationoftheSPDcurrentisoneofthemajorreasonswhytheSPDwasdamagedevenwithabignominaldischargecurrent.

简介：TheelectrondensityrecordedonboardtheDEMETERsatellitewasanalyzedtosearchforpossibleanomaliesbeforeearthquakesbothinspaceandtime.Todistinguishpre-earthquakeanomaliesfromtheotheranomaliesrelatedtogeomagneticactivity,datawerefilteredusingtheK_pindex.Theanalysisisbasedonthecomparisonofdatarecordedcloselytoearthquakesinspaceandtimeandpastdataforthesamearea.InanalyzingdataaroundthetimeandlocationofthePu'erandWenchuanearthquakes,obviousanomaliesinelectrondensitywerefoundclosetotheepicenters,andsomeremarkabledisturbancesweredetectedbeforetheearthquakesoccurred.Theresultswerefinallycomparedwiththoseofpreviousworksthatusedthesamedatabutemployeddifferentanalysismethods.Goodagreementwasfoundwhichsuggeststhattheseanomalieshaveacloserelationtotheearthquakepreparation.