简介：Theseismicconceptualdesignisanessentialpartofseismicdesigncodes.Itpointsoutthattheterm'seismicconceptualdesign'shouldimplythreeaspects,i.e.,thegivenconceptitself,thespecificprovisionsrelatedtothegivenconceptandthedesigningfollowingtheprovisions.Seismicconceptualdesigncanbeclassifiedintotwocategories:thestrictortraditionalseismicconceptualdesignandthegeneralizedseismicconceptualdesign.Theauthorsaretryingtodefineforbothconceptualdesignstheirconnotationsandstudytheircharacteristics,inparticular,thedifferencesbetweenthem.Authorsemphasizethatbothconceptualdesignssoundveryclose,however,theirdifferencesareapparent.Thestrictconceptualdesignsareusuallyworkedoutdirectlyfromengineeringpracticeand/orlessonslearntfromearthquakedamage,whilethegeneralizedconceptualdesignsareresultedinaseriesofvisionsaimingtorealizethegeneralobjectivesoftheseismiccodes.Thestrictconceptualdesigns,(traditionalconceptualdesigns)areindispensableelementsofseismiccodesinassuringdesignedstructuressaferandthegeneralizedconceptualdesignsareplayingkeyrolesindirectingtoamoreadvancedandeffectiveseismiccodes.

简介：Thelastdecadeorsohasseenthedevelopmentofrefinedperformance-basedearthquakeengineering(PBEE)approachesthatnowprovideaframeworkforestimationofarangeofimportantdecisionvariables,suchasrepaircosts,repairtimeandnumberofcasualties.ThispaperreviewscurrenttoolsforPBEE,includingthePACTsoftware,andexaminesthepossibilityofextendingtheinnovativedisplacement-basedassessmentapproachasasimplifiedstructuralanalysisoptionforperformanceassessment.Detailsofthedisplacement-baseds+eismicassessmentmethodarereviewedandasimplemeansofquicklyassessingmultiplehazardlevelsisproposed.Furthermore,proposalsforasimpledefinitionofcollapsefragilityandrelationsbetweenequivalentsingle-degree-of-freedomcharacteristicsandmulti-degree-of-freedomstorydriftandflooraccelerationdemandsarediscussed,highlightingneedsforfutureresearch.Toillustratethepotentialofthemethodology,performancemeasuresobtainedfromthesimplifiedmethodarecomparedwiththosecomputedusingtheresultsofincrementaldynamicanalyseswithinthePEERperformance-basedearthquakeengineeringframework,appliedtoabenchmarkbuilding.Thecomparisonillustratesthatthesimplifiedmethodcouldbeaveryeffectiveconceptualseismicdesigntool.Theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthesimplifiedapproacharediscussedandpotentialimplicationsofadvancedseismicperformanceassessmentsforconceptualseismicdesignarehighlightedthroughexaminationofdifferentcasestudyscenariosincludingdifferentstructuralconfigurations.

简介：由在飞机紧张上下文的矩形的开的沟的颤动隔离的问题数字地用有限元素代码被学习，PLAXIS。土壤媒介被假定线性有弹性、各向同性、同类使遭到了到生产不变的颤动的垂直泛音负担。现在的模型被把它与以前出版的工作作比较验证。一条沟的关键几何特征，即，它从刺激的来源的深度，宽度，和距离，关于瑞利波长被使正常化。颤动的垂直、水平的部件的变细被学习因为对沟地点的各种各样的沟尺寸变化了从一对一个被动盒子活跃。结果在非维的形式被描绘，结论在垂直的attenuating和水平颤动部件关于几何参数的效果被得出。屏蔽效率被障碍的规范的深度首先管理。除了在一些特定的盒子中，宽度的效果有很少意义。简化回归模型被开发估计平均振幅减小因素。对垂直颤动盒子适用的模型被发现在对以前出版的结果的优秀同意。

简介：这份报纸描述系统与一只反的摆钟在波浪精力变换器(WEC)采用了的双击的代理水力的力量起飞(PTO)。水力的PTO把慢不规则的互给波浪运动变换成一个电的发电机的相对光滑的、快旋转。水力的PTO系统和它的控制的设计是批评的最大化产生力量。时间领域模拟研究和照原尺寸的沙滩测试的实验室实验被介绍。包括他们的比较在的模拟和实验室实验的结果照原尺寸也被介绍，它与双击的代理水力的PTO系统与一只反的摆钟验证了设计的合理性和WEC的原型的一些关键部件的可靠性。

简介：Withthedevelopmentandimplementationofperformance-basedearthquakeengineering,harmonizationofperformancelevelsbetweenstructuralandnonstructuralcomponentsbecomesvital.Evenifthestructuralcomponentsofabuildingachieveacontinuousorimmediateoccupancyperformancelevelafteraseismicevent,failureofarchitectural,mechanicalorelectricalcomponentscanlowertheperformanceleveloftheentirebuildingsystem.Thisreductioninperformancecausedbythevulnerabilityofnonstructuralcomponentshasbeenobservedduringrecentearthquakesworldwide.Moreover,nonstructuraldamagehaslimitedthefunctionalityofcriticalfacilities,suchashospitals,followingmajorseismicevents.Theinvestmentinnonstructuralcomponentsandbuildingcontentsisfargreaterthanthatofstructuralcomponentsandframing.Therefore,itisnotsurprisingthatinmanypastearthquakes,lossesfromdamagetononstructuralcomponentshaveexceededlossesfromstructuraldamage.Furthermore,thefailureofnonstructuralcomponentscanbecomeasafetyhazardorcanhamperthesafemovementofoccupantsevacuatingbuildings,orofrescueworkersenteringbuildings.Incomparisontostructuralcomponentsandsystems,thereisrelativelylimitedinformationontheseismicdesignofnonstructuralcomponents.Basicresearchworkinthisareahasbeensparse,andtheavailablecodesandguidelinesareusually,forthemostpart,basedonpastexperiences,engineeringjudgmentandintuition,ratherthanonobjectiveexperimentalandanalyticalresults.Often,designengineersareforcedtostartalmostfromsquareoneaftereachearthquakeevent:toobservewhatwentwrongandtotrytopreventrepetitions.Thisisaconsequenceoftheempiricalnatureofcurrentseismicregulationsandguidelinesfornonstructuralcomponents.Thisreviewpapersummarizescurrentknowledgeontheseismicdesignandanalysisofnonstructuralbuildingcomponents,identifyingmajorknowledgegapsthatwillneedtobefilledbyfutureresearch.Furthe