简介:ThisstudyfocusesonthebasementstructureoftheParanáBasininSouthAmerica,basedongeologicalandgeophysicaldata.ItisalargeintracratonicbasinformedfromtheLateOrdovicianuntiltheCretaceous,whenasequenceofcontinentalfloodbasaltseruptionscoveredtheentirebasin,precedingthebreak-upofWesternGondwana.Isostaticmodelingwasappliedtolargegravitysurveyscomprisingmorethan12,000gravitystations.TheresidualBougueranomalypattern,representingthecrustalcontributionofthecrystallinebasement,aswellasthesedimentaryandvolcaniclayersofthebasin,revealssimilaritiesbetweenthebasementgravitysignatureandtheexposedrock.ThestresspatternsoftheLateOrdovicianandCretaceoustectoniceventspresentageographicallycoincidentmaximum,andthecorrelationbetweengravityhighsandthemainattenuation(betafactor)suggeststhepresenceofsomepreexistentsuturezones.TheresultantmosaicofgravityblocksandthelocationofmajorfaultsgivesupporttothepresenceofanimportantProterozoiccratonicfeature,herereferredtoasParanapanemablock.
简介:TheNorthChinablock,thewesternportionoftheSino-KoreanCraton,isroundedbyYanshanianinthenorthandQinling-Dabieorogenicbeltsinthesouth.Thewidespreaddevelopmentofextensionalbasinsinthisblockindicateshorizontalextensionorcontinuedthinningofapreviouselythickened,trnstablelithospherethroughouttheMesozoic.Inthispaper,weattempttosimulatenumericallythegeodynamicalprocessofthebasinformationbyusingthemountain-basinevolutionsystem.WeassumethattheformationofnumeroussedimentarybasinsintheNorthChinablockistheresultofthecrustalextension,whichdestructsrapidlythepreviouslythickenedcrust.
简介:ThenorthernmarginoftheAlxablockisthejunctionofatectonicunits.Fourfirst-ordertectonicunitsaredistinguished:1.theYaganstructuralzonecharacteristicofanimmatureislandarc;2.theZhusileng-Hangwulastructuralzone,whichwasapassivecontinentalmarginintheEarlyPalaeozoicandwastransformedintoanactivecontinentalmarginintheLatePalaeozoic;3.theShalazhastructuralzonecharacteristicofamatureislandarc;4.theNuru-Langshanstructuralzone,whichwasaProterozoicorogenicbeltandlaterevolvedintoanextensionaltranstionalcrustinthePalaeozoic.Theabove-mentionedtectonicunitsdifferremarkablyinsedimentaryformations,magmaticrockassociations,metamorphismandgeochemistryandareboundedbyfaultsbetweenoneanother.
简介:MultistagesuperimposeddeformationhasbeendiscussedsystematicallybasedontheprogressofthestratigraphicsequencesofthenortheasternmarginofYangtzeBlock.Thenew-discoveredfirststagedeformationofthosesequencesoccurredfromthemiddleTriassictotheendofearlyJurassictogetherwithdevelopmentofregionalfolding,whichwasresultedfromthedeepdetachmentshearingtendingtowardNW-WNW.Thefoldsdiptoeastandfalldowntowardwest,andweresuperimposedbythemainstagefolding.Thereafter,aseriesoffoldsweredevelopedwithaxestrendingtowardnortheast.Consequentlynormalfoldsoccurredonthenormallimbswhileoverturnedfoldontheoverturnedlimbsduringthefirststagefolding.ThedetachmentorthrustwasformedfromlateJurassictoearlyCretaceous.DuetotheupliftingofDabieandtheWannanMountainsinthenorthandsouthsides,thebi-directionalthrustingbeltwasformedbygravityflowingfromtheMountainstowardthecenterofthebasinalongthenorthsideofXuanchengandsouthsideofGuichi.Thedeformationgeodynamicswasdiscussedsimplybasedonthenewlyrecognizedinformationaboutthetectonicevolution.
简介:INTRODUCTIONThepaleocontinentalmargins,characterizedbyactivein-teractionbetweenearthcrustandmantle,complicatedtecton-icmoveme...
简介:WesimulateGPShorizontalvelocityfieldintermsofrotationsofcrustalblockstodescribedeformationbehavioroftheChinesemainlandanditsneighboringareas.31crustalblocksareboundedprimarilyby~30Quaternaryfaultswithdistinctgeometriesandvariablelong-termratesof<20mm/a,and1683GPSvelocitiesweredeterminedfromdecade-longobservationsmostlywithanaverageduncertaintyof1?2mm/a.WedefineGPSvelocityatasitebythecombinationofmotionofrigidblockandelasticstraininducedbythefaultthatislockingduringaseismiccycle.ModelvelocitiespredictedfromthepreferableblockmodelmatchwellwiththeGPSvelocitiestoanuncertaintyof~1.7mm/a.Theslipratesinferredfromthismodelisinarangeof6?18mm/aforthemajorfaultsinTibetanditsmarginsand1?4mm/aineasternChina,consistentwithgeologicalobservations.Ournumericalsimulationsuggeststhatthecrustalblocksdeforminternallyatalevelof~10×10-9/a,quitesmallincomparisonwithsignificantdeformationlocalizedalongfaultzonesof50?100kmwide.Weconcludethatthepatternofcontinentaldeformationisnotcontinuous-likebutblock-like,andthetenetofplatetectonicsmaybeapplicabletocharacterizetheactivedeformationinAsia.
简介:Thispapermainlydealswiththesimulationonthestrengthoftheconcretearmorblockinmodeltest.Accordingtotherequirementforthestrengthofblocksinmodelswithvariousscales,thecomponentsofmaterialsformodelblocksandtheirproportionsaredetermined.Thefailureofarmorblocksonrubble-moundbreakwatersisreproducedbymodeltests.
简介:沉积负担在河的词法进化起一个主要作用。因此,和水力的结构的沉积负担相互作用的分析具有主要重要性以便提高鱼产地和河的保藏词法特征。现在的学习处于实时的床条件一个块斜面下游地分析scour机制,当来临的流动供应的沉积被从scour洞搬运的沉积平衡时。实验在scour几何学上在模型斜槽和来临的沉积集中的效果被执行被分析。scour特征深深地取决于来临的沉积集中,这被观察,四种主要侧面配置被区分。试验性的数据被分析,实验关系被形成以便为不同水力、几何的条件从斜面脚趾评估一个scour洞,沙丘高度和最大的沙丘高度的横过的节的距离的深度和长度。一个scour洞的动态平衡形状不取决于沉积负担时间历史,这也被证明。
简介:Basedonthedatafromrepeatedpreciselevelingandacross-faultdeformationmeasurementscarriedoutinrecent30yearsandtheanalyzedresultsfromGPSobservationsmadeinrecentyearsalongthenortheasternmarginofQinghai(Xizangblock,andcombinedwiththegeologicalstructuresandseismicactivities,somecharacteristicsinregionaltectonicdeformationandstrongearthquakedevelopmentarestudiedandapproachedpreliminarily.Theresultsshowthat:a)Thespace-timedistributionofcurrenttectonicdeformationinthisareaisinhomogeneouswithrelativelyintensivetectonicdeformationinthevicinityofmainboundaryfaultsandweakdeformationinthefartherareas.Theintensityofverticaldifferentialmovementandthedeformationstatusvarywithtime,andthehorizontalmovementanddeformationarecharacterizedbyapparentcompressionandstrike-slip.b)ThetectonicstressfieldgeneratedbytheNE-trendingcontinuouscompressivemovementofQinghai(XizangblockduetothenorthwardpressandcollisionofIndiaplateistheprincipalstressforthetectonicdeformationandearthquakedevelopmentinthisarea.Theevolutionofspace-timedistributionoftectonicdeformationandseismicityiscloselyrelatedtotheblockactivityanddynamicevolutionofregionaltectonicstressfield.c)Theverticaldeformationupliftandhigh-gradientdeformationzonesandtheobviousfaultdeformationanomalyappearedalongtheboundariesoftectonicblockscanbeconsideredastheindicatorsofhinderedblockmotionandintensifiedtectonicstressfieldforstrongearthquakedevelopment.Usually,theabove-mentionedphenomenawouldbefollowedbytheseismicityofM(6.0,buttheearthquakemightnotoccurintheplacewiththemaximummovement.Thezoneswiththefaultdeformationanomalycharacterizedby(tendenciousaccumulationaccelerationturning(andthesurroundingareasmightbethepositionsforaccumulationofstrainenergyanddevelopmentandoccurrenceofstrongearthquakes.
简介:EarlyOrdovicianA-typegranitesinthenortheastern(NE)SongnenBlockNEChinawerestudiedtobetterunderstandthegeodynamicsettingsinthisregion.ThisresearchpresentsnewzirconU-PbagesandwholerockgeochemicaldatafortheEarlyOrdoviciangranitesintheNESongnenBlock.ZirconU-PbdatingindicatesthatthegraniteintheCuibei,Hongxing,andMeixiareasintheNESongnenBlockformedintheEarlyOrdovicianwithagesof471-479Ma.ThegranitesshowgeochemicalcharacteristicsofhighSiO2andK2OcompositionsandlowFeOT,MgO,CaO,andP2O5compositions.TheybelongtoahighKcalc-alkalineseriesanddisplayaweakperaluminousfeaturewithA/CNKvaluesof0.98-1.14.TherockshaveaΣREEcompositionof249.98-423.94ppm,andareenrichedinLREEwith(La/Yb)Nvaluesof2.87-9.87,anddisplayobviousEuanomalies(δEu=0.01-0.29).TraceelementsofthestudiedgranitesarecharacterizedbyenrichmentinRb,Th,U,Pb,Hf,andSm,anddepletionofBa,Nb,Ta,andSr.TheydisplaygeochemicalfeaturesofhighZr+Y+Nb+Cevalues(324-795ppm)andGa/AlratiosconsistentwithA-typegranites.Basedonparticulargeochemicalfeatures,suchashighRb/Nb(7.98-24.19)andY/Nb(1.07-3.43),thestudiedA-typegranitescanbefurtherclassifiedasanA2-typesubgroup.ThisresearchindicatesthattheEarlyOrdovicianA-typegraniteswereformedbythepartialmeltingofancientcrustinanextensionalsetting.LowerSr/Yand(Ho/Yb)Nratiosindicatethatplagioclaseandamphiboleareresidualinthesource,andgarnetisabsent,implyingthatthemagmawasgeneratedatlowlevelsofpressure.Bycontrast,thecontemporaneousgranitesintheSEXing'anBlocksuggestasubduction-relatedtectonicsetting,anditsadakiticpropertyindicatesathickenedcontinentalcrust.WesuggestthatthePaleo-AsianOceanplatebetweentheXing'anandSongnenblockssubductednorthwardduringtheEarlyOrdovician.Meanwhile,theNESongnenBlockwasexposedtoapassivecontinentalmargintectonicsetting.
简介:源自陆地的siliciclastic的一个序列在Baxiandun外面摇庄稼,Qingdao,在在诺思中国之间的中生代collisional边界附近,块(网络控制块)和华南堵住(SCB)。这些低档变形了siliciclastic岩石被greywacke与页岩统治,manganiferous有细密纹理的沙岩,arkose和集团企业层。关于这些岩石的形成有二基本解释。一个人认为这个序列在网络控制块以内被形成,并且是白垩纪Laiyang组和Qingshan组的部分河的外形和暴烈的碎片外形出现在山东地区性的地质的地图上。另一条意见建议这些岩石表示在斜坡和盆外形的混浊depositional系统主要在奥陶纪被扔。重要地基于地观察,petrological分析,和大多数,在这的geochemical结果学习,在Baxiandun节的沉积阶层主要由siltstone,沙岩和mudstone岩性学组成。他们被深海的碎片和混浊存款在一个湖的斜坡和底统治。在Baxiandun节岩石标明日期的U-Pb由岩屑形成的锆石显示来源岩石是很复杂的,他们的年龄被改变从对早白垩纪太古代。源自陆地的岩屑的最年轻的年龄能代表沉积阶层的年龄。因此,我们推断沉积岩石属于早白垩纪深海的湖的沉积序列并且从SuluUHPorogen和华南块边缘的侵蚀有多重来源origined。
简介:Unsaturatedradionuclidemigrationexperimentswereconductedinapitinsidethetestinghall.Severaltypesofradionuclideswereusedintheexperiments.Tritiumwasusedasatracerforwatermovementinunsaturatedloess.Otherkindsofradionuclideswerealsousedinordertoobtainfundamentalparametersforradionuclidemigrationsothatfurtherenvironmentalassessmentoflow—levelradioactivewastedisposalcanbecar-riedout.Mechanismsgoverningunsaturatedflowinloess,thatis,principlesofone—waylateralflow,arepresentedqualitativelyinthispaper.Andacontinuumone—dimensionalmodelforradionuclidemigrationtestingisdevelopedbasedontheex-perimentsconductedundertheparticularconditionsatthetestsite.Thedatameasuredfromthetestswerecomparedwithsolutionsofthisone—dimensionalmodel.Resultsshowthatthismodelisfeasibleformodelingradionuclidemigrationinunsaturatedloess.
简介:Basedontheone-dimensionalsalinitytransportequationwithconstantdiffusioncoefficient,andseparatedwaterflowvelocityintorunoffandtidalcurrentwiththesingle-frequencyinanidealizedestuary,thesimplestunsteadyanalyticalsolutionofsalinityintrusionisdeducedandtheestimationformulaofdiffusioncoefficientisobtainedinthispaper.Theunsteadysolutionindicatesthatsalinityprocessinestuariesresultsfromtheinteractionofrunoffandtidalcurrent,anditsamplitudeisindirectproportiontotheproductofthevelocityofrunoffwaterandtheamplitudeoftidalflowvelocityandininverseproportiontothediffusioncoefficientandthetidalangularfrequency,anditsphaselagtidalflowwithπ/2whichrevealsthebasicfeaturesofthemaximumsalinityappearingafterfloodslackandtheminimumsalinityappearingbeforeebbslackundertheeffectofrunoff(theadvanceorlagtimeisrelativetothemagnitudeofrunoffandtidalflow).Accordingtothemeasuredflowvelocityandsalinitydata,thesalinitydiffusioncoefficientcouldbeestimated.Finally,withthefielddataofobservingsitesonthedeepwaternavigationchanneloftheYangtzeEstuary,thediffusioncoefficientiscalculatedandacomparativeanalysisofsimulatedandmeasuredofsalinityprocessismade.Theresultsshowthatthesolutioncancomprehensivelyreflectsthebasiccharacteristicsandprocessesofsalinityintrusionundertheinteractionofrunoffandtidalflowinestuaries.Thesolutionisnotonlysuitablefortheoreticalresearch,butalsoconvenientforestimatingreasonablephysicalparametersandgivingtheinitialconditioninthesalinityintrusionnumericalsimulation.
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简介:<正>Potashisoneofthelong-termscaredepositsinChina,andpotashprospectinghaslongbeenlistedasakeybrainstormprojectforournationandgeologicalprospectingunits.TherehavebeenconsiderablestudiesinsearchforpotashdepositsintheKuqadepressionoftheTarimbasin(Jacksonetal.,1991;Gemmeretal.,2004;Vendeville,2005;VendevilleandJackson,1992a,1992b),
简介:CarboncycleisconnectedwiththemostimportantenvironmentalissueofGlobalChange.Asoneofthemajorcarbonreservoirs,oceansplayanimportantpartinthecarboncycle.Inrecentyears,ironseemstogiveusagoodnewsthatoceanicironfertilizationcouldstimulatebiologicalproduc-tivityasCO2sinkofhuman-producedCO2.Oceanicironfertilizationexperimentshaveverifiedthataddingironintohighnutrientlowchlorophyll(HNLC)seawaterscanincreasephytoplanktonproductionandexportorganiccarbon,andhenceincreasecarbonsinkofanthropogenicCO2,toreduceglobalwarming.Insixtydays,theexportorganiccarboncouldreach10000timesforaddingironbymodelpredictionandinsituexperiment,I.e.TheatmosphericCO2uptakeandinorganiccarbondrawdowninupperseawatersalsohavethesamemagnitude.Therefore,oceanicironfertilizationisoneofthestrate-giesforincreasingcarbonsinkofanthropogenicCO2.Thepaperisfocusedontheironfertilization,es-peciallyinsituoceanironexperimentsinorderthatthefutureresearchismoreefficient.
简介:UsingpureSwavefittingmethod,westudiedtheshearwavevelocitystructuresundertheOrdosblockanditseasternandsouthernmarginalareas.TheresultsshowthatthevelocitystructurebeneathYulinstationintheinteriorofOrdosblockisrelativelystable,wherenoapparentchangebetweenhighandlowvelocitylayersexistsandtheshearwavevelocityincreasessteadilywiththedepth.Thereisa12kmthicklayeratthedepthof25kmunderthisstation,withanSwavevelocity(Vs=3.90km/s)lowerthanthatatthesamedepthinitseasternandsouthernareas(Vs≥4.00km/s).ThecrustundertheeasternmarginofOrdosblockisthickerthanthatoftheYulinstation,andthevelocitystructuresalternatebetweenthehighandIowvelocitylayers,withmorelowvelocitylayers.Ithasthesamecharacteristicashavinga10km-thicklowvelocitylayer(Vs=3.80km/s)inthelowercrustbutburiedatadepthofabout35km.Moreover,westudiedtheVi/VsratioundereachstationincombinationwiththeresultofPwavevelocityinversion.Theresultsshowthat,theaveragevelocityratiooftheYulinstationattheinteriorofOrdosblockisonly1.68,withaverylowratio(about1.60)intheuppercrustandastableratioofabout1.73inthemidandlowercrust,whichindicatesthemediaunderthisstationishomogenousandstable,beinginastateofrigidity.ButatthestationsintheeasternandsouthernmarginsoftheOrdosblock,severallayersofhighvelocityratio(about1.80)havebeenfound,inwhichtheaveragevelocityratiounderKelanandLishistationsattheeasternmarginissystemicallyhigherthanthatofthegeneralelasticalbodywaves(1.732).Thisreflectsthatthecrustunderthemarginalareasismoreactiverelatively,andothermaterialsmayexistintheselayers.Finally,wediscussedtherelationshipamongearthquakes,velocitystructuresbeneathstationsandfaults.