简介:ThispaperfocusesontheintegrationanddatatransformationbetweenGPSandtotalstation.ItemphasizesonthewaytotransfertheWGS84Cartesiancoordinatestothelocaltwo-dimensionalplanecoordinatesandtheorthometricheightGPSreceiver,totalstation,radio,notebookcomputerandthecorrespondingsoftwareworktogethertoformanewsurveyingsystem,thesuper-totalstationpositioningsystem(SPS)andanewsurveyingmodelforterrestrialsurveying.Withthehelpofthissystem,thepositionsofdetailpointscanbemeasured.
简介:Theactivitiesofgeomagneticstormsaregenerallycontrolledbysolaractivities.Thecurrentsolarcycle(SC)24isfoundtobemild;comparedtoSCs19–23,thestormoccurrenceandsizederivedbyaveragingtheoccurrencenumberandDstaroundthesolarmaximumarereducedbyabout50–82%and36–61%,respectively.Weestimateseparately,forSC19to24,therepeatintervalsbetweengeomagneticstormsofspecificDst,basedonfitsofpower-lawandlog-normaldistributionstothestormdataforeachSC.RepeatintervalsbetweensupergeomagneticstormswithDst≤–250nTarefoundtobe0.36–2.95year(s)forSCs19–23,butabout20yearsbasedonthedataforSC24.Wealsoestimatetherepeatintervalsbetweencoronalmassejections(CMEs)ofspecificspeed(VCME)sinceCMEsareknowntobethemaindriversofintensestormsandtherelatedstatisticsmayprovideinformationaboutthepotentialoccurrenceofsupergeomagneticstormsfromthelocationoftheSun.OuranalysisfindsthataCMEwithVCME≥1860km/smayoccuronceper3and5monthsinSC23and24,respectively.BasedonaVCME-Dstrelationship,suchafastCMEmaycauseastormwithDst=–250nTifarrivingattheEarth.BycomparingtheobservedgeomagneticstormstostormsexpectedtobecausedbyCMEs,wederivetheprobabilityofCMEcausedstorms,whichisdependentonVCME.ForaCMEfasterthan1860km/s,theprobabilityofaCMEcausedstormwithDst≤–250nTisabout1/5forSC23or1/25forSC24.AlloftheaboveresultssuggestthatthelikelihoodoftheoccurrenceofsupergeomagneticstormsissignificantlyreducedinamildSC.
简介:Thispaperanalyzesthecharacteristicsofsupertyphoons(STYs)overthewesternNorthPacific(WNP)from1965to2005anddescribestheseasonalvariabilityofSTYactivity.TherelationbetweenSTYactivityandtheElNio-SouthernOscillation(ENSO)aswellasthepossiblereasonfortheinfluenceoftheENSOonSTYactivityarealsoinvestigated.Theresultsshowedthataboutonefifthofthetropicalcyclones(TCs)overtheWNPcouldreachtherankofSTY.MostSTYsappearedfromJulytoNovem-berwhiletherewasahighestratiobetweennumberofSTYsandtotalnumberofTCsinNovember.MostSTYsappearedeastofthePhilippineSea.InElNioyears,affectedbyseasurfacetemperature(SST),monsoontroughandweakverticalwindshear,TCfor-mationlocationsshiftedeastwardandthereweremoreSTYsthaninLaNiayearswhentheaffectingfactorschanged.
简介:使用的地面运动的择向性上的地震超级砍破裂的效果模仿了一个垂直罢工滑倒差错模型的加速是这研究的话题。分离波浪number/finite元素方法被采用在水平分层的一半计算扎根的运动空间。山峰地面加速(针网阵列)的分析显示那类似于亚shear状况,择向性也处于超级砍状况存在。然而,如下有一些差别:(1)差错正常部件的针网阵列与被择向性显著地在处于一种超级砍状况处于一种亚shear状况在前面的方向从一个锥形的区域改变到一个有限近差错的区域的PGA地里影响的超级砍速度,和区域减少。(2)差错平行和垂直部件的针网阵列不象到增加的超级砍速度的差错正常部件一样敏感。(3)当破裂速度超过shear波浪速度时,差错正常部件的针网阵列不总是比差错平行部件大。
简介:1.ObjectiveAgraphitedeposithasbeendiscoveredinSujiquan,Xinjiangin1980s,whichprovidesdetailedgeologicalsettingsforthesuper-largegraphitedepositdiscoveredinHuangyangshanplutonwithtotalreservesupto7.264×10^9tin2017.OutcropsofigneousrocksinthestudyareaincludeMiddleDevonianplagioclasegraniteandLateCarboniferousalkalifeldspargranitethatisreferredtotheHuangyangshanpluton,whichincludestheLowerCarboniferousHeishantouFormationandJiangbasiFormation,bothofwhichconsistofvolcanic-sedimentaryrocks(Fig.1).Sujiquanfaultprovidedpassageforthemigrationofvolcanicintrusions.Graphitedepositsareusuallyhostedbymetamorphicrocks,butHuangyanshandepositsarehostedbygraniterocks,whicharerarelyknown.TheHuangyangshangraphitedeposithostedbygraniteplutonatHuangyangshanareawasdiscoveredbyXinjiangBranchofChinaNationalGeologicalExplorationCenterofBuildingMaterialsIndustrysince2015.
简介:WhensupertyphoonSepatcameclosetotheFujiancoastlineonthenightof18August2007(codedas0709inChineseconvention),anassociatedtornado-likeseverestormdevelopedat2307–2320BeijingStandardTimeinLonggang,CangnanCounty,WenzhouPrefecture,ZhejiangProvinceapproximately300kmawayintheforwarddirectionofthetyphoon.Thestormcausedheavylossesinlivesandproperty.Studyingthebackgroundoftheformationofthestorm,thispaperidentifiessomeofitstypicalcharacteristicsafteranalyzingitsretrievalofDopplerradardata,verticalwindshearandsoon.Synopticconditions,suchasunstableweatherprocessesandTBB,arealsostudied.
简介:配备了小型数码相机的无人机(UVA)可用于快速测绘地面分辨率高的滑坡图。在法国Supe-Sauze滑坡研究区,利用无线遥控迷你型四旋翼无人机拍摄整个山体滑坡的高分辨率正射镶嵌影像,并制作了几个地区的数字地形模型(DTM)。本文评价了UAV对滑坡表面裂缝和位移的成像能力及评估了适于校正这些数据资料的后续图像处理方法。利用2007年5月拍摄的高分辨率正射影像和2008年10月基于UAV获取的正射镶嵌图,测量了Supe-Sauze滑坡水平位移是在7至55m之间。确定了某些地区的持续变形,将裂缝与冰河时代相比发现,裂缝分布区域及方向的不同和基岩地形直接相关。UAV展示了其在获取滑坡数据方而的能力,但还需降低数据处理时问,便于有效生成基于摄影测量的DTM正射镶嵌图,同时最大限度地减少影像配准误差。
简介:Multisatellitedataisusedtoanalyzethecharacteristicsofthreeeyewallreplacementcycles(ERCs)duringthelifetimeofTyphoonMuifa(1109).Spiralrainbandsevolutions,concentriceyewall(CE)structuremodes,CEdurations,andintensitychangesarediscussedindetail.Inaddition,anERCevolutionmodelofTyphoonMuifaisgiven.Therearefourmainfindings.(1)Theouterspiralrainbandjoinsendtoendtoformtheoutereyewallafteritdisconnectsfromtheoriginal(inner)eyewall.Theinnereyewallweakensastheoutereyewallbecomesaxisymmetricandisintensified.Thecontractionoftheoutereyewallcausestheinnereyewalltodissipaterapidly.Finally,theERCendswithanannulareyewallorspiralrainbands.(2)AlthoughtheCEdurationtimesofTyphoonMuifa’sthreeERCscoveredalargerange,theCEstructureswereallmaintainedforapproximately5hfromtheformationoftheaxisymmetricoutereyewalltotheendofthecycle.(3)Thereisnoobviousprecipitationreflectivityintheeyeormoatregionforthesubsidenceflow.Theconvectionwithinthetwoeyewallsisorganizedasaradiallyoutwardslopewithincreasingheight.(4)TyphoonintensityestimationresultsbasedonADTmaynotexplaintheintensityvariationsassociatedwithERCcorrectly,whilethetyphoon’swarmcoredataretrievedfromAMSU-Aworkswell.
简介:Thcrearecloseinnerlinksbetweenthetimeandspatialdistributionsofpolygeneticcompoundlarge/superlargeU-depositsanddiwatectonicinterfaces.ixwatectonicinterfacesaredividedintotwotypes,namely,oneinspaceandtheotherintimc.Thcfollowin8tcctonicintcrfacesallbclongtodiwaspatialtyPc:l)Gcotcctonicunconformityintcr
简介:1.ObjectivesKeeryinraremetaloredistrictislocatedattheintersectionofMarkam,JinchuanandRangtangcounties.Morethan1000pegmatitedykesareassociatedwiththeKeeryingranitepluton.Thesepegmafitedykesarethemajorsourceofindustrialspodumeneorebodies.Basedonthepreviousstudies,wechoseKeeryinraremetaloredistrictasthekeytargetareaforgeologysurvey.Inthisstudy,wediscoveredsixpegmatitelithiumveinsintheSizemuzudistrictoftheKeeryin.Moreover,westudythedistributionofregionaloredepositsandmetallogeny,delineateprospectingtargetandevaluatethemineralizationpotentialofLithium.
简介:Uptonowthereisnospecificationabouttheallowanceoflateralbreakthrougherrorforsuperlongtunnelfrom20kmto50km.OnthebasisofthedesignofGPSnetworkslocatedoutsideandinsidetunneltraversenetwork,weproposeamethodforcalculatingtheinfluencevaluecausedbycontrolsurveyingerrors.ThroughalotofsimulativecalculationsandcombinationwithpiercingpracticeofsupertunnelsinWanJiazaiProject,Shanxiprovince,wepresentanallowancetableoflateralbreakthrougherrorforsuperlongtunnelsfrom20kmto50km.
简介:油气储量的多少受以下几个因素的控制:顶部封闭层的毛细管性质、溢出点和圈闭的几何形状。其中顶部封闭层的毛细管性质和封闭性可通过EGS法(等效粒径法)测算,该方法通过实验建立孔喉尺寸、孔隙度和粒径大小之间的关系,再依此测出封闭性的大小。“纯溢出点型圈闭”是指其中的烃柱高度仅由溢出点控制的圈闭。根据观察,此类圈闭中的烃柱高度小于顶部封闭层所能封堵的烃柱,且以气为主。而在“毛细管和溢出点混合型圈闭”中,油和气都能向下充注到溢出点,顶部封闭层和溢出点均对油气柱的相对高度有控制作用。“纯毛细管型圈闭”则是指油和气未向下充注至溢出点的圈闭。顶部封闭层和溢出点一直是封闭性分析的焦点,但对AN和YA油田所进行的实例研究表明,圈闭的几何形状和顶部封闭性之间有着密切的关系。这两个油田的顶部封闭性相似,但烃柱总高度以及油、气柱的相对高度却迥然不同。其原因可用这两个油田的基准层面积与隆起幅度之比不同来进行解释。AN油田的面积一幅度比远小于YA油田,假设二者的顶部封闭性相同,则面积一幅度比较大的圈闭所能容纳的气柱高度也较大,其原因是受运移进入圈闭的天然气挤压,油柱高度大幅度降低。因此,EGS法为更好地理解油气田和远景构造(包括断层圈闭)中烃的充注模式提供了新视角。
简介:摘要:在传统的船舶设计中,船型及其主尺度主要是根据快速性、稳性等方面的要求来决定的,很少考虑操纵性的要求。随着海运事业的发展,船舶日益大型化、专用化和高速化,航行密度增大,海损事故增多,给人类生命财产和海洋生态环境带来了很大的威胁,重新唤起了人们对船舶操纵性能的重视。
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简介:铁存款(BIF)的变形沉积类型是在世界,和这的簇打的超级大的铁矿石上的铁存款的最重要的类型在巴西包括QuadrilateroFerrifero区域和Carajas,在澳大利亚的Hamersley,在俄国的Kursk,在中国的印度和Anshan-Benxi的中央省。铁存款的Subordinated类型是magmatic,暴烈主人、沉积的。这份报纸简短在世界上介绍主要的超级大的铁矿石簇的地质的特征。在中国的铁矿石的证明储备是相对丰富的,但是他们主要是低档矿石。而且,铁矿石的体谅的部分是困难的为他们的困难的矿石调味品,深埋葬或另外的原因利用。铁矿石存款相对在11个metallogenic省(带)被集中,例如Anshan-Benxi,东方Hebei,Xichang中央的云南省和长江的中间降低的活动范围。主要minerogenetic时代广泛地变化从对太古代第四级,并且主要是对中间晚太古代原生地,Variscan,和Yanshanian时期。主要在中国的铁存款的7种基因类型被变形沉积类型(BIF),magmatic类型,暴烈主人的类型,skarn类型,热水的类型,沉积类型和捱过的沥滤的类型。充满铁的矿石在skarn和海洋的暴烈主人的铁存款主要发生,局部地在变形沉积类型(BIF)同样热水的改革产品。矿藏和minerogenic模型的minerogenetic系列的理论在调查适用并且铁矿石沉积物勘探。空中地磁学的异例和地磁气的异例的深分析的联合,与严肃,异例是到寻求大、深埋葬的铁沉积物的一个有效方法。中国有铁矿石的一个相对大的寻找矿石的潜力,为特别变形沉积,skarn,和海洋的暴烈主人的铁沉积物。为铁和钢工业的更低的保证度,中国应该给一项做贸易并且打开外国采矿市场。
简介:摘要:巴氏合金作为传统的轴瓦材料,其具有良好的顺应性、耐蚀性和耐磨性。但是,由于巴氏合金质地相对较软,需要与强度较高的基材进行复合,才能够作为轴承衬套使用在工业制造中。传统的巴氏合金轴瓦制备方式多为离心浇铸,此类巴氏合金轴瓦偏析严重,组织粗大,结合强度低且极易发生脱落。各种缺陷如气孔、疏松等也经常出现在离心浇铸的巴氏合金轴瓦产品中。铝合金材料由于其自身质量小,且耐蚀性能优良,在加工时成形性能好,同时某些铝合金的导电导热性也比较好,因此被广泛应用在航空航天以及各类动力交通领域中。文中选用铝合金材料为基材,利用 MIG焊工艺,在铝合金表面堆焊巴氏合金层,系统地研究在其他焊接工艺参数(如焊接电流、电弧电压等)不变的情况下,焊接速度对结合界面的显微组织、力学性能等问题的影响。