简介：ＯＺＯＮＥＶＡＬＬＥＹＯＶＥＲＴＩＢＥＴＡＮＰＬＡＴＥＡＵＺｈｏｕＸｔｕｊｉ（周秀骥）ａｎｄＬｕｏＣｈｃｏ（罗超）ＯＺＯＮＥＶＡＬＬＥＹＯＶＥＲＴＩＢＥＴＡＮＰＬＡＴＥＡＵＺｈｏｕＸｔｕｊｉ（周秀骥）ａｎｄＬｕｏＣｈｃｏ（罗超）（ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａ...

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简介：Monthlymeansurfaceairtemperaturesandprecipitationat20meteorologicalstationsintheJinshaRiverValley(JRV)ofsouthwestChinawereanalyzedfortemporal-spatialvariationpatternsduringtheperiod1961-2010.ThemagnitudeofatrendwasestimatedusingSen’sNonparametricEstimatorofSlopeapproach.ThestatisticalsignificanceofatrendwasassessedbytheMKtest.Theresultsshowedthatmeanannualairtemperaturehasbeenincreasingby0.08℃/decadeduringthepast50yearsasawhole.Theclimatechangetrendinairtemperaturewasmoresignificantinthewinter(0.13℃/decade)thaninthesummer(0.03℃/decade).Annualprecipitationtendedtoincreaseslightlythereafterandtheincreasingwasmainlyduringthecrop-growingseason.Boththegreatestvariationoftheannualmeantemperatureandannualprecipitationwereobservedatthedry-hotvalleyareaofmiddlereaches.Significantwarmingrateswerefoundintheupperreacheswhereasthedry-hotbasinsofmiddlereachesexperiencedacoolingtrendduringthepastdecades.Despiteoftheoverallincreasinginprecipitation,moreobviousupward-trendswerefoundinthedry-hotbasinsofmiddlereacheswhereastheupperreacheshadadroughttrendduringthepastdecades.

简介：Atrapezoidvalleysiteischosenasaresearchsite,andaccordingtonumericalmodelsbasedonorthogonaldesign,thefactorsinfluencinggroundmotioninthevalleysitearestudiedwithtwo-dimensionalfinitedifferencemethod.Theinfluencingfactorsareranked,andthenthecalculationresultsareverifiedbygroundmotionanalysis.Theconclusionsareasfollows:therearefourfactorsthathaveimportanteffectsongroundmotionoftrapezoidvalleysites,buttheeffectsaredifferentasthelocationofsiteschanges,theinfluencingfactorsrankdifferentlywithdifferentsitelocations;Therankingoftheinfluencingfactorsisthesameforallthesiteslocatedwithinadistanceof40mfromthevalley'sside,amongthem,themosteffectiveoneisthevalleyslopeangleranks,followedbydepth-to-widthratio,overburdenthickness,atlasttheinputgroundmotionintensity.Theimpactofthefactorsonsurfacegroundmotionisroughlythesameinthevalleysiteswithinacertaindistancetothevalleyside,andthegeometricparametersofthevalleyterrainplayagreaterpartininfluencinggroundmotion.Withtheincreaseofdistanceawayfromthevalley'sside,therankingoftheinfluencingfactorsalsochanges,theratingofslopeanglemovesbackward,therankingoftheinputgroundmotionandoverburdenthicknessmoveahead.Theeffectofvalleygeometricparametersongroundmotionsisgraduallyweakened,buttheeffectofothertwoinfluencefactorsaregraduallyincreased,similartocasesofahorizontallayeredsite.StrongmotionrecordsinAnningRivervalleysitewereanalyzed,andtheresultsshowthatthevalleytopographyhasasignificantamplificationeffectongroundmotion,andthatthenumericalresultsofthispaperarecredible.

简介：XishuangbannaofYunnanProvinceisafamoustropicalfoggyregion.AfieldexperimentwascarriedoutfromNovember23to30of1997duringwhichfogsoccurredregularlyeveryday.Inthepaperthecharacteristicsofmacrostructureoffogareanalyzedandthephysicalprocessesofformationanddissipationoffogarestudied.TheresultsshowthattheXishuangbannavalleyfogformsfirstlyintheloweratmospherewithtwo-layerstructuresandthendevelopssuddenlyintheverticaldirectionafterreachingtheground.Furthermore,thevegetationeffectontheformationanddissipationoffogisdiscussedspecially.

简介：山谷经济是在被山谷开发的各种各样的人物定义的多山的区域开发的一个新模式，并且是区分为多山的区域开发的节俭的地理模式。在在山谷的不同多山的元素的分发的特殊空间联合关系是为山发展研究的新题目，并且如此的研究为研究和惯例两个都是有意义的。把简短探索基于关于多山的区域开发和追随者的长期的研究进涵义和山谷经济的空间组织进程，作者在北京多山的区域分析了山谷经济的开发的现在的状况，在北京多山的区域学习了特征和山谷经济的空间结构的变化的影响，并且最后建议了山谷经济的空间结构的合理安排山谷经济在新时代在北京多山的区域在发展和功能的转变起一个重要作用，这在这研究被考虑。第一，山谷经济没被行政边界构画出，并且它沿着主要交通线粗略地在多山的区域连接大多数村庄。因此，山谷经济能在多山的区域对发展施加积极影响，至少在象在多山的区域和农村、城市的区域的协调发展的工业结构的重新整理那样的方面。另外，在北京多山的区域的山谷经济在第二等的集中的一个空间组织阶段被发展，这被发现，它被节省资源的、生态的保护和工业优化描绘。因此，山谷经济的发展将在多山的区域对在生态的保护和经济开发之间的协作有用，并且将支持多山的区域的综合发展。在北京多山的区域的山谷经济的发展中的模式将在北京多山的区域的功能的角色的转变为决策提供基础，并且在另一方面，将在北京外面在多山的区域为研究介绍经验。

简介：最当前的地震设计通过反应减小因素(R)包括结构的非线性的反应。这允许设计者当为非线性的行为和变丑的财务限制时，使用一条线性有弹性的基于力量的途径。事实上，反应减小因素在现代地震代码被使用按比例缩小结构的有弹性的反应。这研究集中于为增强的水泥(RC)的设计设计/构造估计实际R价值在Kathmandu的大楼山谷。韧性并且在Kathmandu的代表性的RC大楼编制被调查。非线性的闲差事分析在结构的模型上被执行以便评估大楼的地震表演。有位于Kathmandu山谷的许多特征的12座代表性的设计不规则的大楼被选择并且学习。而且，效果在韧性因素，造的韧性上的横梁列能力比率，和反应减小因素上的负担路径上编制，被检验。最后，结果进一步被分析并且与大楼的不同结构的参数相比。

简介：自从Holocene，在Xiliao河山谷的农业开垦从草地导致了一个巨大的风景变化到农田。在这份报纸，我们由自从Qing王朝，在史前，Liao-Jin王朝和时期分析三主要农业开垦在Xiliao河山谷重新考虑人陆地关系。我们主张当人口统计的压力出现在这个区域时，特别在最后开垦期间，intraregional迁居(第二迁居)是主要反应减轻如此的压力，它也区分二个不同解决地点：起始的区域和第二等的区域。由于这二个区域之间的环境差别，一个人引起了更多的严肃的骚乱到本地环境的后者上的耕作。因此，第二等的区域成为了严重需要环境管理的关键区域。

简介：ＣｈａｎｇｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｂｅｔｗｅｎｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｉｎｔｈｅＹａｎｇｔｚｅＲｉｖｅｒＶａｌｅｙｉｎｈｉｓｔｏｒｙＺＨＡＮＧＤｉｘｉａｎｇＳＵＮＰｉｎｇＴｈｅＰｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈ...

简介：Inthispaper,theauthorsputforwardabriefandpracticalarithmeticforautoextractingterrainlinesfromdigitalterraindataafteranalyzingandcomparingcurrentarithmetics.Thispapergivesanexperimentresultthattheridgeandvalleyextractedbythearithmeticisconsistentwiththeexperimentalterrain.

简介：Wenchuan()地震在2008年5月12日沿着Longmenshan导致了很多山崩，倒塌，和大量的落石()差错。在Niujuan的山崩()近到震中，山谷(命名Niujuan山崩)是传的有损坏后果的长距离。用QuickBird卫星图象和GIS工具，seismogenic团运动被分析，并且运动分阶段执行旅行路径，和catastrophic以后Niujuan山崩的进程被描述并且讨论。图象解释和GPS调查证明集体运动剥光37%研究区域。Niujuan山崩沿着Lianhuaxingou移动了1950m()溪流，转变了到碎片雪崩，并且在Niujuan山谷的下游的床上积累了，在他们形成了一个水坝的地方在高度的30m，堵住Niujuan溪流并且与11万个m3存储能力创造障碍湖盆。对Niujuan山崩随后，因为碎片的积累的团，碎片流动在Lianhuaxingou和Niujuan山谷是更活跃的。

简介：含水土层的特定的产量(Sy)的评价在水资源管理是很重要的。在这研究，一个试验性的排水方法被开发决定Platte河山谷的冲积含水土层的特定的产量，内布拉斯加，美国。有连续间隔深度的沉积核心的集合用直接的推技术被收集到塑料试管然后带去实验室。在Sy实验期间，那些沉积核心被垂直地把他们放在一辆大水坦克重新浸透。Sy被严肃的力量在一个方括号从沉积排干的水决定。我们Sy的价值与在测试地点之间的间隔深度为Sy在每个地点和可变性主要与深度改变了的结果表演也被观察。在Sy的这空间异质可能源于谷物尺寸的变化，谷物形状，排序并且在有间隔深度的不同核心的沉积的压缩。为所有沉积核心的Sy从0.01～0.18，吝啬的价值是0.08譨?譨吗？

简介：TherearetwomaintypesofirondepositsintheMiddle-LowerYangtzeValleydistrict.Bothofthemunderwentpost-magmatichydrothermalprocessesduringoreformation.Ironinthehydrothermalorebodieswasderivedlargelythroughmobilizationfromsubstantiallyconsolidateddiroiticintrusives.Wall-rochalterationzonationindicatesthatiron-mobilizinghydrothermalfluidsevolvedinatrendofdecreasingalkalinity,whichissuggestedbyregularlydistributedwall-rockalterationsformedbyiron-mobilizinghydrothermalfluidsandisincontradictionwiththecurrentchloride,chloridecomplexandbicarbonatemodelsforironmobilization.ThecloseassociationofcarbonatizationwithironoresandthehighconcentrationsofreducedgasessuchasCO,CH4andH2influidinclusionssuggestthatironismostprobablytransportedintheformofironcarbonylsduringpost-magmatichydrothermalprocesses.Inthelightoftheironcarbonylmobilizationmodel,explanationsaremadeoftheconstraintsonoresofsomegeologicfactorssuchasmelanocraticalteration,carbonatization,carbonatestrata,structuralfractures,cyptoexplosivepipesandembryoores.

简介：有在位于亩的东南的Salawusu河山谷的Milanggouwanstratigraphic节的palaeosols的palaeo活动的沙丘沙和fluvio湖的外形我们自从150kaBP，和谷物尺寸参数鈥?Mz，荒芜的富有经验的丰富的显著选择在grainsize粗糙、好的节奏变化，蟽，Sk，Kg和SC/D也对在山峰和山谷价值之间的multi-fluctuational引申的状况作出回应。同时性grainsize特征值鈥??5，?16，?25，?50，?75，?84并且?95是respondingly被表明极大地有节奏的跳动。在此，Milanggouwan节能被划分成粗糙、好的27谷物尺寸沉积当自从150kaBP，荒芜的变化的气候地质的过程的一个真实、综合的记录源于古老的冬季的其他的发展和东亚的夏天季风，骑车，它能被考虑。

简介：DiffractionofplanePwavesaroundanalluvialvalleyofarbitraryshapeinporoelastichalf-spaceisinvestigatedbyusinganindirectboundaryintegralequationmethod.BasedontheGreen'sfunctionsoflinesourceinporoelastichalf-space,thescatteredwavesareconstructedusingthefictitiouswavesourcesclosetotheinterfaceofthevalleyandthedensityoffictitiouswavesourcesaredeterminedbyboundaryconditions.Theprecisionofthemethodisverifiedbythesatisfactionextentofboundaryconditions,andthecomparisonbetweenthedegeneratedsolutionsandavailableresultsinsingle-phasecase.Finally,thenatureofdiffractionofplanePwavesaroundanalluvialvalleyinporoelastichalf-spaceisinvestigatedindetailthroughnumericalexamples.

简介：Gullysystemsandwatershedsaregeomorphicunitswithclearboundariesthatarerelativelyindependentofbasinlandscapesandplayanimportantroleinnaturalgeography.InordertoexplorethemorphologicalcharacteristicsofgullysystemsandwatershedsintheDry-HotValley[SouthWest(SW)China],gulliesareinterpretedfromonlineGoogleimageswithhighresolutionandwatershedsareextractedfromdigitalelevationmodelatascaleof1:50,000.Theresultsshowthat:(1)Thereare17,382gullies(withatotalareaof1141.66km^2)and42watershedsinthestudyarea.(2)Theaveragegullydensityofthestudyarea(D)is4.29km/km^2,gullyfrequency(F)is14.39gullies/km^2,thebranchingratio(B)is5.13,thelengthratio(L)is3.12,andthecoefficientofthemainandtributarygullies(M)is0,06.Thedegreeofgullyerosionisstrongtoextremelystrong,themaindevelopmentintensityofgullyerosionrangesfromintensetomoderate,andthetypeofgullysystemistributary.(3)Thewatershedareas(A)arebetween0.39and96.43km^2,thereliefratio(R)isfrom0.10to0.19,thecircularityratio(C)isfrom0.30to0.83,thetextureratio(T)isfrom0.82to39.35,andthedominantgeomorphologicaltexturetypeisfine.(4)ThereisaquantitativerelationshipbetweenFandD:F=0.624D2(R=0.84)andTiscloselyrelatedtoD,F,M(R2>0.7).A,RandCarerelatedtoM(R2>0.5).Thedevelopmentofgullysystemsistheresultofcouplingeffectsbetweenmultiplefactors.Inthisarea,thedegreeoferosionandtheconditionofthemainandtributarygulliescanbecontrolledbythedegreeoftopographicbreakageinthewatershed,whichprovidessometheoreticalbasisfortheevaluationofgullyerosionbythelatter.Inaddition,thescale,relief,andshapehaveasignificantimpactonthelocationsofthemainandtributarygullies.Fortributarygullies,attentionshouldbepaidtotheinterceptionandcontrolofrunoffandsedimentinthesmallconfluencebranchesinordertopreventgullyexpansionandheadadvance.Thesefeaturescaninformthedevelopmentoftargetedmea

简介：WatertankexperimentswerecarriedouttoinvestigatethethermalconvectionduetothebottomheatinginanasymmetricalvalleyunderneutralandstablystratifiedapproachflowswiththeParticleImageVelometry(PIV)visualizationtechnique.Intheneutralstratificationapproachflow,theascendingdraftinducedbybottomheatingismainlylocatedinthecenterofthevalleyincalmambientwind.However,withambientwindflow,thethermalconvectionisshiftedleeward,andthedescendingdraftislocatedontheleewardsideofthevalley,whiletheascendingdraftislocatedonthewindwardside.Thedescendingdraftisminorlyturbulentandorganized,whiletheascendingdraftishighlyturbulent.Withtheincreaseofthetowingspeed,thedescendingandascendingdraftsinducedbythemechanicalelevationbegintoplayamoredominantroleinthevalleyflow,whiletheroleofthethermalconvectioninthevalleyairflowbecomeslimited.Inthestablestratificationapproachflow,thethermalconvectionislimitedbythestablestratificationandnodistinctcirculationisformedincalmambientwind.Withambientwind,agravitywaveappearsintheupperlayerinthevalley.Withtheincreaseoftheambientwindspeed,agravitywaveplaysanimportantroleinthevalleyflow,andthelocationandintensityofthethermalconvectionarealsomodulatedbythegravityinternalwaves.Thethermalconvectionhasdifficultypenetratingtheupperstablelayer.Itsexchangeislimitedbetweentheairintheupperlayerandthatinthelowerlayerinthevalley,anditisadversetothediffusionofpollutantsinthevalley.

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简介：PastresearchershaveanticipatedtheoccurrenceofagreatearthquakeinthecentralHimalayasinthenearfuture.ThismaycauseseriousdamageintheKathmanduValley,whichsitsonanancientlakebedzone,withlacustrinesedimentsofmorethan500mdepth.Inthisstudy,thepredominantfrequencyofgroundmotionisevaluatedusingtheHorizontal-to-Vertical(H/V)spectralratiotechniqueandrecordingsofambientnoise.TheresultsoftheH/Vratioshowtwopeaksinabout20percentofthelocations,whicharedistributedmainlyinandaroundthecenterandnorthernpartoftheKathmanduValley.Thepredominantfrequenciesvaryfrom0.5Hzto8.9Hzinthestudyarea,whereasthesecondresonancefrequencyvariesfrom4Hzto6Hzinthecenterandnorthernpartofthevalley.Thisindicatesthatthecenterandnorthernpartofthevalleyhaveawiderangeofresonancefrequencyduetotwolevelsofimpedancecontrastonemaybefromthesurfacelayerandtheothermaybefromthelayerunderneath.ThesetwolevelsofresonanceindicatetheimportanceofconsideringtheeffectsofsurfaceandlowerlayersduringtheplanninganddesigningofinfrastructuresintheKathmanduValley.

简介：在No.1，No.3和No.4南京长江桥附近切入山谷的长江的地层学的剖面图与各自的讨厌的人日期和文件一起被建立。由四把钻的样品的14C年龄分析，核心接近No.4桥(被造)，我们能发现paleo山谷的时间范围在在深度的LGM是过时的?60m到?南京附近的90m。深切入山谷的隧道是狭窄的，河迅速流动了，这也被显示。部分并且深深地介绍的古老的长江深隧道在No.1桥附近切入特征。根据以前的出版物，许多研究在长江的主要paleo隧道上被做了，但是很少结果在分泌物评价上被完成了。在这篇论文，早期的速度和LGM的平均速度被计算与，等等以河形状，沉积谷物尺寸和序列接近No.3和No.1桥。而且，在长江的南京活动范围的分泌物在LGM期间被估计了根据分泌物的关系在12,00016,000m3/s附近，流动和剖面图的速度。