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简介：Thispaperproposesacomprehensiveandintegrativemodelwhichwillcontributetoasuccessfulplacebranding.Thenewmodelisproposedbasedontheanalysisof30previousplacebrandingmodelsandenrichedbytheliteraturereview.Theresultofthisworkistheconceptualmodelthatoffersamoreglobalperspectiveofplacebrandingandconsistsofthefollowing11interrelatedelements:place,brandleadership,communitystakeholdersengagement,brandvision,brandarchitecture,brandidentity,brandcommunications,brandimage,brandexperience,brandactionsandbrandevaluation,whichmustbeincorporatedintoanyplacebrandingmodelastheyprovetoberelevantandplayastrategicroleinthebrandingprocess.Theyareessentialforplacebranddevelopmentandmanagement,andrepresentkeysuccessfactorsofplacebrands.Theresearchimplicationsaretogiveresearchersaguideforliteraturedevelopment,theorybuilding,andfutureresearch.Thepracticalimplicationsaretoofferpractitioners,professionals,localofficials,andevengovernmentsamodelthatexplainstheplacebrandingprocesstoeffectivelycreateandmanageaplacebrand.Unlikepreviousmodelswhichtakedifferentperspectivesonthebrandingprocess,thisoneisholisticasitencompasses(almost)allofthem.Thenewmodelhighlightsalsonewelementsthatdonotappearinthepreviousones.

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简介：InDecember2010,thefourBRICcountriesagreedtoacceptSouthAfrica,thefirstAfricancountry,intoitscooperationmechanism.AttheBRICSSummitheldinSanyaduringApril13and14,SouthAfricabecamethenewfullmemberoftheBRICS.TheBRICcountriesareestimatedtoaccountfor42%oftheworld'spopulationand30%oftheworld'stradevolume,1/4oftheworld'slandareaand15%oftheworld'sGDP.Besides,theBRICsgroupholdsahugeamountofforeignexchangereservesandthenumberofmulti-nationalcompaniesfromtheBRICsisalsoontherise.AndnowthefiveBRICScountriesaccountforaglobaltradevolumeof17%andareexpectedtooccupy61%oftheworld'seconomicgrowthin2014.FirstraisedbyRussia,theproposalfortheadmissionofSouthAfricawasnailed

简介：ThispaperhasresearchedonsixkindsofthecorporateDNAmodels,whichhavesetupandanalyzeditslimitations,regardedthecorporationasavitalorganism,andputforwardthejudgingstandardforcorporateDNAbyanalogism.Accordingtothestandard,thecomponentsofthecorporateDNAarejudgedandanewmodelhasbeenestablished.ThecorporateDNAiscomposedoffourDNAchains,whichoverlapandintercrossinthemodel.Basedonthenewmodel,theconceptofthecorporatecentraldogmaisputforward.Theelementandinformationtransmissionwayofcorporateinformationarediscussedinthecorporatecentraldogma.

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