简介：Theproblemofair-fuelratio(AFR)controloftheportinjectionsparkignition(SI)engineisstillofconsiderableimportancebecauseofstringentdemandsonemissioncontrol.Inthispaper,thestaticAFRcalculationmodelbasedonin-cylinderpressuredataandontheadaptiveAFRcontrolstrategyispresented.Themodelutilisestheintakemanifoldpressure,enginespeed,totalheatrelease,andtherapidburnangle,asinputvariablesfortheAFRcomputation.Thecombustionparameters,totalheatrelease,andrapidburnangle,arecalculatedfromin-cylinderpressuredata.ThisproposedAFRmodelcanbeappliedtothevirtuallambdasensorforthefeedbackcontrolsystem.Inpracticalapplications,simpleadaptivecontrol(SAC)isappliedinconjunctionwiththeAFRmodelforport-injectedfuelcontrol.TheexperimentalresultsshowthattheproposedmodelcanestimatetheAFR,andtheaccuracyoftheestimatedvalueisapplicabletothefeedbackcontrolsystem.Additionally,theadaptivecontrollerwiththeAFRmodelcanbeappliedtoregulatetheAFRoftheportinjectionSIengine.

简介：对于有选择困难症的玩家来说,是现在就换DDR4内存,还是先用着便宜的DDR3内存,等DDR4内存价格下调后再购入,这显然是一个严峻的问题,因为这涉及到主板的选购。不过好在厂商们考虑得比较周全,华擎就推出了B150MCombo-G这样一款同时支持DDR3和DDR4内存的主板,对于那些希望鱼和熊掌兼得的玩家来说是个好消息。华擎B150MCombo-G主板采用M-ATX小板设计,基于IntelB150芯片组,支持全系列Skylake处理器。

简介：随着B150芯片组的发布,技嘉迅速跟进了B150主板。上一代B85超耐久小板如今也得到了升级,由于Skylake处理器同时支持DDR3和DDR4内存,所以这一代B150超耐久小板也划分成了B150M-D3HDDR3和B150M-D3H两个型号。技嘉B150M-D3HDDR3主板为M-ATX小板型设计,支持LGA1151插槽的IntelSkylake全系列处理器。