简介：Allometricscalingrelationsforhowbranchingtubesdeliverfluidareoftenbasedontheassumptionofisothermalconditionswhicharenotalwaysfulfilled.Thisworkreportsonthesizesofbranchingtubesforfluidflowsubjectedtoconstantwallheatflux.Itexploreshowthedeliveryoffluidandheatinfluencestheoptimalsizeofatubeandtheoptimalconfigurationofbranchingtubesforbothlaminarandturbulentflow.Besides,itpresentsananalyticalbasisforevaluationofoptimalsizeoftubesthatminimisethepowerlossassociatedwiththepumpingpowerandtheheattransfer.Thefindingsobtainedinthisstudymayhaveimportantimplicationsfordesignofsystemswithminimumthermodynamiclosses.

简介：革新，包含工艺的转变和管理重组，在现代社会引起重要变化。在这份报纸，调查革新怎么能被支持，我们建议一个基于比赛的模型学习人的创新行为的co进化的动力学。没有规模的网络上的模拟被进行，在哪个每个节点的创新行为基于关于它的革新的反馈坚定、更新，也就是革新地位的散开。模型的数字模拟产生一系列模式，它关于真实世界的创新行为与民族日报经验和感觉一致。明确地，动力学上的各种各样的可伸缩的空间与时间的性质和富有的结构的影响能被观察。这个模型提供一条新奇途径理解创新行为的进化并且为革新提升的策略研究提供卓见。

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简介：Thermodynamicsisabranchofphysicswhichdealswiththeenergyflowintosystems.Therearetwoprincipallawsofthermodynamicswhicharedescribedonseparateslides.Thefirstlawofthermodynamicsrelatestothetransferofvariousformsofenergy,asheat,electric,magneticandchemicalenergiestoproducemechanicalwork.Thislawissometimestakenasthedefinitionofinternalenergy,andintroducesanadditionalstatevariable,enthalpy.Thefirstlawofthermodynamicsallowsformanypossiblestatesofasystemtoexist.Butexperienceindicatesthatthereisonlyonedirectionfornaturalprocessestoproceed.Thisleadstothesecondlawofthermodynamicsandthedefinitionofanotherstatevariablecalledentropy.Thesecondlawstipulatesthatthetotalentropyofasystemplusitsenvironmentcannotdecrease;itcanremainconstantforareversibleprocessbutmustalwaysincreaseforirreversibleornaturalprocesses.However,thelimitednumberofauthorsisconcernedbysystemsthatinvolvethetransferofelectricandmagneticenergiesinadditiontotheflowofheatinstudyingageneralthermodynamicsystem.Thesubmittedreviewfollowsanentropyapproachthatintroducescleardefinitionsoftheelectricchargeandmagneticfluxtoclarifyambiguitiesofthenaturesofsuchfluxesinliterature.So,thefirstandsecondlawsofthermodynamicsareappliedonthermo-electromagneticprocessesthatembracetheflowofmechanical,thermal,electric,andmagneticenergiesintosystemsthatinvolvefluidsorsolids.Accordingly,itwaspossibletomodifyredundanciesintheSIsystemofunits.Followingtheentropyapproach,itwaspossibletocasttheMaxwell’sequationsintoanenergyframeofreferencetoexplainthediscoveredTesla’swirelesspowertransmissionas“ElectricalRadiantEnergy”,andtheMITdiscoveryofwirelesspowertransmissionofthemagneticfluxas“EvanescentWaves”andtoclarifyfuzzinessofthedualityconfusionbyspecifyingauniquepropertyfortheelectronasaparticleandaun

简介：在在精力的反应关上到库仑障碍的multinucleon转移的主要进步被考察。在试验性的进步和理论进步的一个短演讲以后，为未知充满中子的重原子核和trans铀原子核的预言的生产十字节被介绍。

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简介：Inthisstudy,weinvestigateanewsimpleschemeusingaplanarundulator(PU)togetherwithaproperlydispersedelectronbeam(ebeam)withalargeenergyspread(~1%)toenhancethefree-electronlaser(FEL)gain.ForadispersedebeaminaPU,theresonantconditionissatisfiedforthecenterelectrons,whilethefrequencydetuningincreasesfortheoff-centerelectrons,inhibitingthegrowthoftheradiation.ThePUcanactasafilterforselectingtheelectronsnearthebeamcentertoachievetheradiation.Althoughonlythecenterelectronscontribute,theradiationcanbeenhancedsignificantlyowingtothehigh-peakcurrentofthebeam.Theoreticalanalysisandsimulationresultsindicatethatthismethodcanbeusedfortheimprovementoftheradiationperformance,whichhasgreatsignificanceforshort-wavelengthFELapplications.

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简介：Thebubblesriseupandburstatthefreesurfaceisacomplextwo-phaseprocess.AfreeenergylatticeBoltzmannmethod(LBM)modelisadoptedinthispapertostudythisphenomenon.Theinterfacecapturingtechnique[Zhengetal.,2006]isusedtodealwiththehighdensityratioproblem.TheLaplacelawandtheair-waterinterfacecapturingabilityarevalidatedforthemultiphasemodel.Theinteractionbetweenthesinglebubbleormultiplebubblesandthefreesurfacearestudiedbythemultiphasemodel.Theforceactingonthebubbleandtheevolutionofthefreesurfaceisstudied.Meanwhile,effectoftheinitialdistancebetweentwoadjacentbubblesoninteractioneffectsofmultiplebubblesisinvestigatedaswell.

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简介：Therealizationofanefficientopticalsensorbasedonaphotoniccrystalmetasurfacesupportingboundstatesinthecontinuumisreported.Liquidswithdifferentrefractiveindices,rangingfrom1.4000to1.4480,areinfiltratedinamicrofluidicchamberbondedtothesensingdielectricmetasurface.Abulkliquidsensitivityof178nm/RIUisachieved,whileaQ-factorofabout2000givesasensorfigureofmeritupto445inairatbothvisibleandinfraredexcitations.Furthermore,thedetectionofultralow-molecular-weight（186Da）moleculesisdemon-stratedwitharecordresonanceshiftof6nmperlessthanaInmthicksinglemolecularlayer.Thesystemexploitsanormal-to-the-surfaceopticallaunchingscheme,withexcellentinterrogationstabilityanddemonstratesalignment-freeperformances,overcomingthelimitsofstandardphotoniccrystalsandplasmonicresonantconfigurations.

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