简介:运用卫星遥感(RS)技术、地理信息系统(GXS)和全球定位系统(GPS),按国家、省、市、县4级模式,建立突发性危险废物污染事故预警系统。国家级预警系统主要对跨省界及跨国突发性污染事故进行应急处置,对省级应急事故处置进行指导;省级预警系统主要对跨市界突发性污染事故进行应急处置,并指导市级污染事故应急处置;市级预警系统主要负责跨县界突发性污染事故的应急处置并指导县级污染事故应急处置;县级预警系统主要负责本行政区内的突发性污染事故的应急处置。建立4级预警系统的主要目的是使各级政府突出重点,集中解决本行政区域内突发性环境污染事故的应急处置,从管理层面上在全国建立一个能对突发性污染事故实施统一指挥协调、现场快速监测和应急处理,又能对污染隐患进行监控和警告的应急响应系统。以辽宁省辽河为案例,通过3S技术的综合运用.构建省级流域突发性危险废物污染事故预警系统方案,为政府应急决策提供快速服务。
简介:介绍了一种基于S3C2410硬件平台和嵌入式Linux操作系统的视频监控系统的总体设计方案,在嵌入式Linux平台下利用软件实现视频数据的采集、MPEG-4编码和网络传输;阐述了系统的总体结构和各部分功能特点,选择xvidcore作为本系统中视频图像压缩模块中的核心算法;采用以嵌入式Linux系统为核心,基于其良好的网络功能,通过USB摄像头实时获取视频和CDMA模块完成无线网络及Internet的接入;控制终端利用Wi-Fi无线局域网技术通过AP接入Internet,真正实现视频监控的无线化,满足无线视频监控系统的要求。
简介:讨论了通过以太网作为通信媒介,基于S3C4510B实现网络型防盗报警器的设计思路和系统结构,设计了用DM9161作为以太网物理层的接口电路以及用松本无线高频板作为探测信息的接收端等硬件电路和相应的软件流程,并配以uClinux操作系统对防盗报警器的各种信息进行有效的管理,达到了家居防盗报警的要求.
简介:Afterthe1992UNConferenceonEnvironmentandDevelopmentinRiodeJaneiro,theconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasbeenwidelyrecognizedallovertheworld.Morethan100countries,includingChina,haveadoptedsustainabledevelopmentstrategiesaccordingwiththeirownsituations.For20years,
简介:Theproblemofclimatechangeisaglobalchallenge.Itiscloselyassociatedwithsocialdevelopmentandhumansurvival,andithasasignificantimpacttoallcountriesonenergydevelopment,economiccompetitiveness,technologicalinnovation,andwayoflife.Inrecentyears,withtherapideconomicdevelopmentinChina,thereisarumorthattherapidgrowthofChina'scarbondioxideemissionoffsettheeffortsoftheinternationalcommunityinreducingemissions,andChinashouldbeartheinternationalresponsibilitycorrespondingtoitssignificantroleingreenhousegasemission,whichobviouslyareunfairandnotobjective.Asthispaperreveals,'Chinaenvironmentresponsibility'thatisthesocalled'Chinaenvironmentthreat'ortheories,ChinahasmadeapositivecontributiontoaddressingtheclimatechangeinthepastandChinawillstillbethebackboneontheprotectionofglobalclimateinthefuture.
简介:Inrecentyears,carbonemissionshavegraduallyevolvedfromanenvironmentissueintoapoliticalandeconomicone.Carbontariffhasbroughtaboutnewtradebarriersofdevelopedcountries,andinordertoenhancetheindustrialcompetitivenessofdevelopedcountries,itwillproduceunfavorableimpactondevelopingcountries.Concentratedonthemanufacturingindustry,whichisthemostintensivehigh-carbonindustryinChina’sexportstructure,thisarticlestudiestherelationshipbetweencarbontariffpolicyandindustrystructureofexporttradeandbuildsuparelationbetweenclimatechangeandinternationaltrade.First,bymeansofestablishingapartialequilibriummodel,itappliesgeometricanalysisandmathematicalanalysistocomputetheimpactonChina’smanufacturingexporttradeandtheconsequencesoftheintroductionoftheUScarbontarifftoChina’smanufacturingindustrythathasalreadyimposedadomesticshippingcarbontax.Furthermore,withtheapplicationoftheGTAPmodel,itestimatestheoveralleconomicandwelfareeffectsonChina’smanufacturingindustryiftheUSandEuropeintroducecarbontariffbymeansoffourways,andthenanalyzestheinfluenceonChina’smanufacturingindustryexportstructureandsocialwelfareaswell.TheresultshowsthattheintroductionoftheUScarbonimporttarifflowersChina’sexportpriceandexportvolume,andtheimplementationofadomesticcarbontaxjustifiesahigherexportpriceandalowerexportvolumeforChina.However,thedegreeofexportreductionissmallerthanthatundertheeffectoftheUScarbontariff.InthecaseofdevelopedcountriesimposingcarbontariffonChina’senergy-intensiveindustries,suchaschemicalrubberproducts,oilandcoal-processingindustryandpaperindustry,whoseexportwouldbereduced,thenegativeimpactonthepaperindustryistheseverest,whichwilldecreasethepaperindustry’sexportrangingfrom1.79%to6.05%,whereastheotherindustries’exportwillincrease.Anyhow,itwillpromoteChina�
简介:AllsevenemissionstradingpilotsinChinaoperateindependently.Onechallengefacingmostofthemisthelowinclusionthresholdsforenterprisesandthefewtotalcoveredemissions,whichnegativelyinfluencestheeffectsoftheemissionstradingsystems(ETSs).Somepilotsites,suchasGuangdong,Hubei,TianjinandBeijing,haveindicatedtheirwillingnesstolinktheirschemeswithothers.ETSlinkingcouldexpandschemecoveragesandthereforehelptoreducetheoverallcostsofachievingthelinkedschemes’emissionscontroltargets.Linkingcouldalsohelptoaddresstheissuesofcarbonleakageandreducepricefluctuations.Thepotentialbenefitsandfeasibilityoflinkingdifferentpilotsystemsareanalyzedinthisarticle.Thesevenpilotregionsareatdifferentstagesofsocialandeconomicdevelopment,withsignificantdifferencesintotalemissionsandemissionsstructuresaswellascarbonabatementpotentialsandcosts.Throughlinking,more-developedregionssuchasBeijing,ShanghaiandShenzhen,whicharetypicallyconsideredtofacehighermitigationcosts,willhavetheopportunitytoachievetheiremissionscontroltargetsbypurchasingcarbonunitsfromless-developedregions,whichwillearnfinancialrevenuesfromsellingtheunits.Torealizethiswin-winresult,aseriesofpolicyandtechnicalbarriersatboththecentralgovernmentandpilotgovernmentlevelsneedstobeovercome.Establishingaunifiednationalemissionstradingmarketwouldappeartobetheidealsolutiontothesechallenges,butitwilltakeconsiderabletimeandwillnotbetheshort-termsolution.Intheabsenceofaunifiednationalscheme,itisrecommendedthatthecentralgovernmentencouragepilotschemestolink,thatitdevelopscorrespondingnationalpoliciestosupportthelinkingeffortsandthatthepilotschemesthatareintendedtobelinkedcoordinateoncertaindesignelements.Basedonthecoordinatingneed,themajorelementsofanETScanbedividedintofourcategories:elementsthatneedmutualrecognition(capset
简介:ForChina,greenindustrialrevolutioninducedbyglobalclimatechangeposesnotonlythegreatestchallenge,butalsothegreatestopportunity.IntheperspectiveofChina'sbasicnationalconditions,andespeciallyitsnaturalconditions,China'sgreendevelopmentistheinevitablepathofchoicefortherealizationofsustainabledevelopmentandscientificdevelopment.TheessenceofChina'smodernization2050isgreenmodernization,takingthethree-stepstrategytowardsChina'sowngreendevelopmentandenergyconservationandemissionreduction.Incombinationwiththe12thFiveYearPlan,itsinnovativepositioningis'greendevelopmentplan'.
简介:Producinggoodsandservicesallneedswaterconsumption.Thewaterusedintheprocessofanagriculturalorindustrialproductiscalledthe"VirtualWater"containedinthisproduct.Throughinternationaltrade,water-scarcecountriesandregionscouldpurchasewater-intensiveproducts--especiallyfoods,fromwater-richcountriestobalancetheirwaterdeficitsandachievewatersafety.Chinaisoneofthe13mostwater-deficitcountrieswhosewatersafetyhavebeenseverelychallenged.Thispapergeneralizedtherecentglobalresearchdevelopmentandmadeabriefintroductionaboutthemethodscalculatingvirtualwatercontentinspecificproducts.Asacasestudy,wequalifiedChina'sannualvirtualwaterflowsfromyear2000to2002withtradeincrops,andendedwithsomepolicyadviceforapplicationandpracticeofvirtualwaterstrategy.
简介:TheEU,theUnitedStatesandothereconomies,withtheintentiontoimplementunilateraltrademeasuresBorderCarbonAdjustments,imposeemissionreductionpressureondevelopingcountries.Onceimplemented,themeasureswillhavegreatimpactonChina'sforeigntrade.Usingtheinput-outputtablein2007,thispaperhadanalyzedtheinfluencesonChina'sforeigntradeasawholeandsub-sectorsinthreetaxratesscenarios.TheresultsshowedthatthetarifflevelofChina'sexportswillincreaseby3.6%-6.3%ifthetaxwasleviedonexportsembodiedemissions,andby1.0%-1.7%ifleviedonexportdirectemissions.In2007,theformertotalamountofcarbontaxwasaboutUS$42.6-73.0billion,4timesthatofthelatter.Basedonexportembodiedemissions,sectorslargelyinfluencedwerenon-traditionalenergyintensiveones,suchastextile,etal.Thesesectorsshouldbeencour-agedtocarryoutindustrialupgrading,raisingthevalue-addedofexportgoods,andreducingtheirembodiedemissionsbyreductionofenergyintensity.Takingintoaccountofthecomplexityofdatacollection,thetaxleviedonproductsdirectemissionismoreoperational.Theresultsshowedthatthefivetopsectorsmostaffectedwereotherchemicalmaterials,processingofpetroleumandnuclearfuel,coking,smeltingandrollingofferrousmetalandtextile.Mostofthemwereenergyintensivesectors.Therefore,adjustingexportproductsstructure,andcontrollingtoofastdevelopmentofenergyintensiveindustriesarealsoimportantstrategiesinChina.
简介:Theindustrialsectorisusuallythelargesteconomysectorforcarbonemissionsinmanycountries,whichmadeitthesectorwithgreatestpotentialforcarbonreductionalthoughtheprocessdurationmightbeverylong.StudyingthepotentialofindustrialemissionreductionhasgreatsignificanceinestimatingthecarbonemissionpeakofChinaontheonehand,andadjustingitsstrategyininternationalclimatechangenegotiations.Byemployingtheeconomicaccountingmethod,thisarticleestimatestheemissionreductionpotentialofChina’sIndustrialsectorfortheperiodof2010-2050.Itrevealsthat,taking2030astheyearwhentheemissionreachesthepeak,thetotalreductioncanbe8.38billiontons(bts)fortheperiodof2010-2030,with3.12btsfromstructuralreductionwhile5.26btsfromintensityreduction.Afterwards,reductionwillcontinuewithatotalamountof6.59btsfortheperiodof2030-2050,wherethestructuralreductionaccountsfor2.47bts,andintensityreduction4.115bts.Ifbothindustrialandenergyconsumptionstructuresareimprovedduringtheaboveperiod,thereductionpotentialcanbeevengreater,e.g.theemissionpeakcanarrivefiveyearsearlier(intheyearof2025)andthepeakvaluecandeclinebyabout8%ascomparedtotheoriginalestimation.Reviewingthetrajectoryofemissionchangesindevelopedcountriesindicatesthattheindustrysectorcancontributetotheoverallreductiontargetsthroughthedualwheelsofstructuralreductionandintensityreduction,evenbeyondtheemissionpeak.Thisarticleconcludeswiththefollowingpolicysuggestions.(1)OurestimationontheemissionpeakoftheindustrialsectorsuggeststhatChinashouldavoidanycommitmentearlierthan2030onthetimelineoftheoverallemissionpeak;(2)thegreatpotentialofindustrialemissionreductioncanimprovethesituationofChinainclimatechangenegotiation,wheretheintensityreductioncanserveasanimportantpolicyoption.(3)Reductionpotentialcanbefurtherenhancedthroughtechnologyadv
简介:Aspartofacomprehensiveenvironmentalmanagementsystem,manycountriesestablishemissioncontroltargetsformassemissionsofapollutant.Suchtargetsareoftenthekeyobjectiveofanenvironmentalpolicy,suchasanemissiontradingprogram.InChina,however,itismorethanjustanobjectiveofoneparticularpolicy;ithasbecomeaconceptthathasinfluencedmanynationalenvironmentalpoliciesandactivities.Theobjectiveofthisarticleistoreviewtheimplementationofthetotalemissioncontrolpolicyinthepast10yearsandexploreemergingissuesinitsimplementation.Thearticlehasthreesections:asummaryoftheimplementationexperience,issueswiththedesignandimplementationofthepolicy,andpolicyrecommendations.
简介:Chinahaswitnessedrapideconomicdevelopmentsince1978,andduringthetime,energyproductionandconsumptiondevelopedatatremendousspeedaswell.EnergyefficiencywhichcanbemeasuredbyenergyconsumptionperunitofGDP,however,experiencedcontinuousdecrease.Theoretically,thechangeofenergyefficiencycanbeattributedtoindustrystructuralchangeandtechnologicalchange.InordertoexplainthetransformationofChineseenergyefficiency,weadoptlogarithmicmeanDivisiaindextechniquestodecomposechangesinenergyintensityintheperiodof1994-2005.Wefindthattechnologicalchangeisthedominantcontributorinthedeclineofenergyintensity,butthecontributionhasdeclinedsince2001.Thechangeinindustrystructurehasdecreasedtheenergyintensitybefore1998,butraisedtheintensityafter1998.Decomposedtechnologicaleffectsforallsectorsindicatethattechnologicalprogressesinhighenergyconsumingindustriessuchasrawchemicalmaterialsandchemicalproducts,smeltingandpressingofferrousmetals,manufactureofnon-metallicmineralproductsandhouseholdcontributearetheprincipaldriversofChina'sdecliningenergyintensity.
简介:Circularagricultureisanessentialwaytorealizethepositiverecyclingofecologyandharmoniousdevelopmentofthecountryconstruction.ThesustainabledevelopmentofBeijing'smountainareasdependsonthebackgroundandorientationofecologicaleconomy.Beijing'smountainareasbeartheresponsibilityofprotectingtheecologicalsafetyofthewholeBeijingdistrictandalsotheexplorationofcircularagricultureinmountainareasisveryimportanttopromotethesustainableuseofagricultureresources.Beijing'smountainareashavepossessedsomepracticalexperienceinrecyclingagriculturedevelopment.Throughsummarizingthedevelopmentmodeandanalyzingthedevelopmentpractice,thearticleputsforwardthreekeysegmentsofpromotingBeijingcircularagriculturedevelopment:strengthenpropagate,developsuperiorityandbuiltmanagementmechanism.
简介:Basedonthetotal-factorenergyefficiencyframework,thispapercalculatesChina'sindustrialenergyefficiencyandCO2emissionsreductionpotentialfrom2000to2009byutilizingthedirectionaldistancefunctionanddataenvelopmentanalysis.Theempiricalresultsshowthat:China'sindustrialoverallenergyefficiencyisrelativelylowerwhiletheemis-sionsreductionpotentialisrelativelygreater,giventheoptimumproductionfrontier.Significantindus-trialdisparitiesofenergyefficiencyandemissionsreductionpotentialexist.Energyefficiencyandemis-sionsreductionpotentialsignificantlyshowdifferenttendenciesofindustrialdynamicvariation.ThispapersuggeststheChinesegovernmentimposedifferentialcarbontaxes,flexiblyutilizecarbonmarketmecha-nism,strengthenenergy-savingtechnologicalR&D,promotetheutilizationofrenewableenergy,andstrengthenenvironmentalsupervisionandregulation,soastoimproveChina'sindustrialenergyefficiencyandreduceCO2emissions.
简介:Chinaispreparingtoestablishanationwidecarbonmarketin2017,andinordertofacilitatethisgoal,sevenpilotcarbonmarketshavebeenunderstudyforthepastfewyears.ThispapersummarizestheoperationexperienceandchallengesofthesevenpilotcarbonmarketsinChina.Ithasbeenwidelyacceptedthattheessenceofacarbonmarketistosolveenvironmentalproblemsthroughmarketmechanisms,withenvironmentalbenefitbeingthefundamentalpurpose,marketmechanismbeingthekeymeasure,andpoliciesandregulationsbeinganimportantguaranteeforanorderlycarbonmarket.Therefore,thispaperconstructsanevaluationindexsystemcomposedof34detailedsub-indexesinthreedimensions,suchasenvironmentalconstraintforce,marketresourceallocationability,andsupportingpoliciesandfacilitycompleteness.Throughanalyzingtheoperationdatafrom2013to2016,theweightsofthesub-indexesareobtained.Inaddition,thestudyobtainsexperts’opinionsfromover10carbonpermitsexchanges,consultancyfirmsandresearchinstitutionsinChina,andconductsacomprehensiveevaluationonthedevelopmentdegreeofthesevenpilotcarbonmarkets.ResultsshowthatthepilotcarbonmarketsthatincludeprivateSMEsasthecoveredentitiesforemissionscontrolpresentrelativelyhigherenvironmentalconstraintforce.Buttoomanycoveredentitiescouldincreasethedifficultyofmarketperformancemanagement,whilethepilotsthatincludehighenergy-consumingstate-ownedenterprisesastheentitiesforemissionscontroldemonstrateaphenomenonof'highmarketcomplianceratewithlowtradingvolume'.TheresourceallocationcapabilityofChina’scarbonmarkethasnotbeeneffectivelybroughtintoplay,andlowdegreeofmarketparticipationhasbecomeanimportantconstraintfactorformarketdevelopment.Duetothelackoflawsandregulationsatthenationalmacro-level,thelegallybindingforceofthepilotmarketsconstructionisobviouslyinsufficient,andthesupportingpoliciesare