简介：ENSURINGINFORMEDCONSENTfrompatientsandexperimentalsubjectsistodayconsiderednormalclinicalpracticeandanessentialpartofbiomedicalresearchinvolvinghumansubjects.However,'informedconsent'isatechnicaltermfromthespheresofethicsandlawasdevelopedagainstaWesternculturalbackgroundand,asaconcept,isstillrelativelynewtoChina.

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简介：AbstractObjective:To study the epidemiology of leprosy in China in 2019 and give suggestions to improve future leprosy control activities.Methods:We collected leprosy data from the Leprosy Management Information System in China, which includes data from 31 Chinese provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities, except for Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan. We then performed a descriptive analysis of these data.Results:A total of 464 new leprosy cases were reported nationwide in 2019, with a case detection rate of 0.033/100,000. The proportions of children younger than 15 years, multibacillary cases, and cases with World Health Organization grade 2 disability were 1.3%, 90.3%, and 21.6%, respectively. A total of 2,219 leprosy cases were registered in China by the end of 2019, giving a prevalence rate of 0.158/100,000. Fifty-six counties had a prevalence rate of more than 1/100,000, and most of them were located in Southwest China. There were 31 reported relapse cases.Conclusion:The prevalence of leprosy has improved continuously throughout China, but the southwest region is still an area of concern.

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简介：ChinesescholarshaverealizedtheimportanceofArtificialOrganresearch.TheScienceandTechonlogyCommitteeofChinasetupaspecialworkinggroupin1978inordertodeveloptheresearchprojectsofartificialorgans.TheChineseSocietyofBiomedicalEngineeringestablishedtheArtificialOrgansSocietyandsince1982itholdsconferenceseverythreeyears.

简介：在中国的前列腺癌症(PCa)研究在最近的年里的一个飞速上升的趋势上。在中国的第一染色体宽的协会研究(GWAS)鉴别二新PCa风险联系了单个核苷酸多型性(SNP)。下一代定序正在开始被过去常，产出新奇调查结果：基因熔化，长非编码的RNA和另外的变化。当各种各样的诊断biomarkers广泛地被调查了时，PCa前进的机制被说明了。个性化的治疗基于基因因素，nano药和繁体中文药是为PCa的试验性的治疗学的研究的焦点。这评论打算在中国在PCa研究在最近的进步之上打开灯并且以后指出可能的突破。

简介：Cardiovasculardiseases(CVD)havebecomethemaincauseofdeathandacriticalpublichealthburdenincontemporaryChina.IwasinvitedbyDr.RichardConti,editorinchiefofthejournalastheguesteditorofthisissuefocusingonCVDinChina.ItismyprivilegetoworkwiththeleadingcardiologistsandresearchscientistsinthefieldtodelineatetheoutlineofCVDinChina,includingepidemiology,prevention,rehabilitation,clinicalmanagementetal.ThisissuenotonlyelaboratesthemajorclinicalissuesbutalsohighlightsfutureperspectivesincardiovasculardiseaseofChina.

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简介：SyphilisisafocalpointinpreventionandcontrolofSTDs.Syplhilisnowpresentsdifferentepidemiologicalandclinicalfeaturestothepast,andthesyphilisepidemicisnotseriousaspreviously-latesyphilisandcongenitalsyphilisbeingrelativelyrareinthewholecountry.Theclinicalfeaturesofskinlesionsinprimaryandsecondarysyphilishavenotchangedsubstantiallybuttheproportionofvarioustypesoflesionsisdifferenttothepast.AssyphilishasnotbeenpresentinChinaformorethan15years,someyoungmedicalworkershavenoexperienceinthediagnosisandtreatmentofthisdisease.Theyoftenmisdiagnoseormissdiagnosis.Thesemedicalworkersneedbetterknowledgeandtreatmentskills.Inordertocontrolsyphilisassoonaspossiblethroughearlydiagnosisandtreatment,thisarticlegivesanintroductiontothisissueforcolleaguesbywayofacomparisonofthepaststatusandthepresent.

简介：1ThebackgroundofthedevelopmentofInternationalTravelMedicineinChina1.1Thenumberofexitpersonsin1993is93000000,duetotheexpansionofopenesstotheoutside,internationaltravelandthedevelopmentofforeigntrade.1.2Fitforthedevelopmentofthesocialistmarketeconomyandmeettheneedsofdaily—risinginternationaltravelhealthcareatdifferentlevels.

简介：Form1980to1994,thenumberofinfectionofmalariaimportedintoChinawas2,603amongthepersonnelwhohadgoneabroadandtheinfectionratewas8.38percent.Thenumberofpeoplediedfrommalariawas41andthecasefatalityratewas1.58percent.Thearmymenandtrafficengineeringpersonnelwerethepeoplewhohadthehighestinfectionrate,whichwere78.57percentand54.97percent.Civilbuildersandagrotechnicalpersonnelcametothesecond,whoseinfectionratewere37.15percentand35.94percent.Theconstituentratiostransmittedwere97.69percentfromAfrica,2.19percentfromAsia,howeveronly0.12percentfromAmericaandEurope.Themalariaimportedbytheincomingforeignpeoplebadbeenfoundin148cases,andtheperniciousmalarialcaseswere71.62percent.Thesemalarialcases,andtheperniciousmalarialcaseswere71.62percent.Thesemalarialcasesweretransmittedfrom15AsianandAfricancountries.Nowwewouldliketomakeasyntheticallyanalysisonthesituationofmalariadeathcasesinthisessay,andwehavemadeacomparisonbetweenthemalariaIFAT(IndiredtFluorescenceAntibodyTest)andthesmearofthemalarialdiagnosis,whichcanshowthatⅠ-FATtakesanimportantpartinavoidingmisjudgingofmalarialdiagnosis.Inaddition,wewouldliketooffersomeusefulsuggestionsofprotectionfromit.

简介：ＴＨＥＳＴＡＴＵＳＡＮＤＴＲＥＮＤＯＦＬＡＰＡＲＯＳＣＯＰＩＣＳＵＲＧＥＲＹＩＮＣＨＩＮＡＴＨＥＳＴＡＴＵＳＡＮＤＴＲＥＮＤＯＦＬＡＰＡＲＯＳＣＯＰＩＣＳＵＲＧＥＲＹＩＮＣＨＩＮＡＧａｏＹｉ；ＹａｎｇＪｉ－Ｚｈｅｎ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＳｕｒｇｅ...

简介：AbstractSepsis remains a significant cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in China. A better understanding of neonatal sepsis in China as compared with other industrialized and non-industrialized countries may help optimize neonatal health care both regionally and globally. Literature cited in this review was retrieved from PubMed using the keywords "neonatal sepsis," "early-onset (EOS)" and "late-onset (LOS)" in English, with the focus set on population-based studies. This review provides an updated summary regarding the epidemiology, pathogen profile, infectious work-up, and empirical treatment of neonatal sepsis within and beyond China. The incidence of neonatal EOS and the proportion of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) within pathogens causing EOS in China seem to differ from those in developed countries, possibly due to different population characteristics and intrapartum/postnatal health care strategies. Whether to adopt GBS screening and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis in China remains highly debatable. The pathogen profile of LOS in China was shown to be similar to other countries. However, viruses as potential pathogens of neonatal LOS have been underappreciated. Growing antimicrobial resistance in China reflects limitations in adapting antibiotic regimen to local microbial profile and timely cessation of treatment in non-proven bacterial infections. This review stresses that the local epidemiology of neonatal sepsis should be closely monitored in each institution. A prompt and adequate infectious work-up is critically important in diagnosing neonatal sepsis. Adequate and appropriate antibiotic strategies must be overemphasized to prevent the emergence of multi-resistant bacteria in China.

简介：AbstractObjective:To describe the epidemiological characteristics of leprosy in China in 2018 and provide the essential evidences for leprosy control.Methods:We collected data of leprosy cases nationwide from Leprosy Management Information System in China (LEPMIS) except Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan. And then we performed a descriptive and comparative analysis.Results:A total of 521 new leprosy cases were detected nationwide in 2018, with a case detection rate of 0.037/100,000. The proportion of children under 15 years of age, multi-bacillary (MB) cases, and cases with WHO grade 2 disability (G2D) were 1.3%, 89.4%, and 19.0%, respectively. There were 2,479 registered cases of leprosy in China by the end of 2018, accounting for a prevalence rate of 0.178/100,000, with 43 replase cases. Southwest China separately accounted for 312/521 (59.9%) newly detected cases and 1,180/2,479 (47.6%) registered cases of leprosy in China.Conclusion:China is a low endemic country for leprosy and the detection rate was much lower than the global average. Southwest China is still the key regions for leprosy control, including Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan. In addition, leprosy in low endemic provinces also needs to be focused.

简介：TheobjectiveofthisreviewwastoassesstheuseofheartfailurebiomarkersinChina.TheliteratureofthecommonlyusedandnewheartfailurebiomarkershadbeenreviewedinChina.Itisconcludedthatnotonlytoconsidertheuseofthenewmarkers,buttostudythecombinationuseofthemarkersand/orotherindexeswouldbethenextstepforafutureheartfailurestudy.Also,individualizedandcombinationaluseoftheheartfailuremarkersmightbethemostfittingtoadapttothedevelopmentalchangesinChina.

简介：Heartfailure(HF)isacomplexclinicalsyndromethatresultsfromanystructuralorfunctionalimpairmentofventricularfillingorejectionofblood.HFisoneofthemostimportantandsevereendstagesofmanycardiovasculardiseases.EpidemiologicalstudiesofHFhavefocusedmainlyontheprevalence,incidence,mortality,fatality,anddistributionandtemporaltrendsoftheseindicatorsamongdifferentpopulations.ThisreviewhighlightsimportantepidemiologicalstudiesofHFinChina.

简介：AbstractThe obstetric issues and management styles in China are different from that in Western countries. Chinese medical education, residency training, obstetric care structure, and management of common obstetric complications are briefly reviewed and compared to the United States. Maternal-fetal medicine (MFM) is rapidly developing in China, but the development of MFM may not follow the same trajectory as in the West. Understanding the difference between China and the West may facilitate communication and foster mutual development.

简介：AbstractBrucellosis is a neglected zoonosis. It causes acute febrile illness and a potentially debilitating chronic infection in humans, and livestock infection has substantial socioeconomic impact. Over the past two decades, improvements have been made to better understand the various aspects of human and animal brucellosis. Meanwhile, especially in the developing world, immense challenges that remain in controlling and eradicating brucellosis are novel diagnostics tools and efficacious vaccines. Here, we will focus on the remarkable issues on epidemiological survey, as well as the priority and challenge of brucellosis in China. Brucellosis will be controlled with meaningful collaboration between local and public partnerships effectively applying a One Health framework.