简介：H3,ahomogeneousacidicpolysaccharidewasobtainedfromtheseedsofCuscutachinensisLam.Itsstructurewascharacterizedforthefirsttimebychemicalandspectroscopicmethodstobeahighlybranchedheteropolysaccharidewithmeanmolecularweightofmorethanlxl0^6.Itwascomposedof1,6-1inked-β-DGalp,1,4-linked-β-DGalp,1,4-1inked-β-DGalA,1,3,6-1inked-β-DGalpand1,2,4-1inkedRhap,withbranchingpointsatO-2or0-4of1,2,4-1inkedRhapand0-3of1,3,6-1inked-β-DGalp.Itssidechainsincluded1-1inkedAraf,1,5-1inkedArafand1,3,5-1inkedArafatO-3of1,6-1inkedGalpinthemainchain.

简介：ToinvestigatethechangesofimmunefunctionsandtheeffectsofAstragaiuspolysaccharide(ASP)onthecell-mediatedimmunityofthetraumaticstressmodelofmousebyamputation,50micewererandomlydividedinto5groupsforstudy,inwhichthegroupAandBservedasthenormalcontrol(byinjectonof0.5mlofsalineintra-peritoneallydaily),andasthestresscontrol(byintra-peritonealinjectonof0.5mlofnormalsalineintomiceafteramputation)respectively,tothegroupC,DandEofmice,1000mg/kg(highdose),300mg/kg(mediandose)and250mg/kg(lowdose).TheCD4^+andCD8^+Tcellsaswellastheexpressionofthec-fosproteinweredeterminedbyimmunohistochemicaltechniques,andtheexpressionsofNF-κBmRNAandIL-10mRNAwereassayedbyhybridizationinsitu.Theexperimentalresultsshowedthatincomparisonwiththenormalcontrolgroupofmice(groupA),theexpressionlevelsofNF-κBmRNA,IL-10mRNAandthec-fosproteininthetissuesofthymusandspleeninthestresscontrolsweresignificantlyelevatedandtheCD4^+TcellsandCD4/CD8ratioweredecreased.However,incomparisonwiththestresscontrolofmice(groupB),theexpressionsofNF-κBmRNAandIL-10mRNAwereinhibitedbyASP,andtheCD4^+TcellsandCD4/CD8ratiowereincreasedingroupsC,DandE,butthelevelofc-fosproteinwasdecreased.TherewasnosignificantdifferenceintheseparametersamonggroupC,DandE.Itiscon-cludedthatthefunctionsofcell-mediatedimmunityofmiceweredisturbedunderthestressconditionofthetraumaticinjuriesafteramputation.AndtheimmunefunctionscanbeeffectivelyrestoredbytheuseofAstraga/uspolysaccharide.

简介：Inthepresentstudy,theeffectsofPleurotusnebrodensispolysaccharide(PN-S)ontheimmunefunctionsofimmunosuppressedmiceweredetermined.Theimmunosuppressedmousemodelwasestablishedbytreatingthemicewithcyclophosphamide(40mg/kg/2d,CY)throughintraperitonealinjection.TheresultsshowedthatPN-SadministrationsignificantlyreversedtheCY-inducedweightloss,increasedthethymicandsplenicindices,andpromotedproliferationofTlymphocyte,Blymphocyte,andmacrophages.PN-SalsoenhancedtheactivityofnaturalkillercellsandincreasedtheimmunoglobulinM(IgM)andimmunoglobulinG(IgG)levelsintheserum.Inaddition,PN-Streatmentsignificantlyincreasedthephagocyticactivityofmouseperitonealmacrophages.PN-Salsoincreasedthelevelsofinterleukin-6(IL-6),tumornecrosisfactor-α(TNF-α),interferon-γ(INF-γ),andnitricoxide(NOS)insplenocytes.qRT-PCRresultsalsoindicatedthatPN-SincreasedthemRNAexpressionofIL-6,TNF-α,INF-γ,andnitricoxidesynthase(iNOS)inthesplenocytes.TheseresultssuggestthatPN-Streatmentenhancestheimmunefunctionofimmunosuppressedmice.Thisstudymayprovideabasisfortheapplicationofthisfungusinadjacentimmunopotentiatingtherapyagainstcancerandinthetreatmentofchemotherapy-inducedimmunosuppression.

简介：ToexploretheantiviraleffectandmechanismofpolysaccharidefromSpirulinaplatensis(PSP)onherpessimplexvimstype2(HSV-2),astandardstrainofHSV-2(333strain)wasusedtoinvestigatetheantiviraleffectofPSPinvitro.PSPinvariousconcentrationswasappliedtodifferentstagesofHSV-2replicationcycle.Finally,thevirusinfectivity(TCID50),cytopathiceffect(CPE),andMTTstainingmethodforviablecells(MTTassay)wereusedasmarkerstoevaluatetheeffectofPSPonHSV-2.ThequantityofHSV-DNAwasdetectedbyreal-timefluorescencequantitativePCR(FQ-PCR).TheHSV-2infectedVerocellultrastructureswereobservedbytransmissionelectronmicroscopy(TEM).TheresultsshowedthatPSPhadlittlecytotoxiceffectonVerocells,itcouldnotdirectlyinactivateHSV-2infectivity.PSPnotonlyinterferedinadsorptionofHSV-2toVerocellsbutalsoinllibitedHSV-2biosynthesisinthecells.FQ-PCRresultsshowedthattheinhibitoryrateonHSV-DNAalsoincreasedinadose-dependentandtime-dependentmanner.TEMalsoconfirmedthatPSPexhibitedpronouncedinhibitoryeffectonHSV-2.Inconclusion,theantiviraleffectofPSPonHSV-2maybeattributedtotheinhibitionofvimsadsorption,vimsreplicationandsynthesisincells.

简介：BACKGROUND:Themostprominentcharacteristicofbrainagingisdecreasedlearningandmemoryability.Thefunctionsoflearningandmemoryarecloselyrelatedtointracerebralacetylcholinesterase(AChE)andmonoamineneurotransmitteractivity.PreviousstudieshaveshownthatSchisandrachinensispolysaccharidehasananti-agingeffect.OBJECTIVE:ToexploretheeffectsofSchisandrachinensispolysaccharideonAChEactivityandmonoamineneurotransmittercontent,aswellaslearningandmemoryabilityinaD-galactose-inducedagingmousebrainmodelcomparedwiththepositivecontroldrugKangnaoling.DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTING:Completelyrandomized,controlledexperimentbasedonneurobiochemistrywasperformedatthePharmacologicalLaboratory,HenanUniversityofTraditionalChineseMedicinefromSeptembertoDecember2003.MATERIALS:SchisandrachinensiswaspurchasedfromHenanProvincialMedicinalCompany.Schisandrachinensispolysaccharidewasobtainedbywaterextractionandalcoholprecipitation.KangnaolingpelletswereprovidedbyLiaoningTianlongPharmaceutical(batchNo.20030804;statedrugpermitNo.H21023095).Atotalof50six-week-oldKunmingmicewererandomlydividedintofivegroups:blankcontrol,model,Kangnaoling,highandlowdosageSchisandrachinensispolysaccharidegroups,with10micepergroup.METHODS:Miceintheblankcontrolgroupweresubcutaneouslyinjectedwith0.5mL/20gnormalsalineintothenapeoftheneckeachday,whiletheremainingmiceweresubcutaneouslyinjectedwith5%D-galactosesalinesolution(0.5mL/20g)inthenapefor40daystoinduceabrainagingmodel.Onday11,miceinthehighandlowdosageSchisandrachinensispolysaccharidegroupswereintragastricallyinfusedwith20mg/mLand10mg/mLSchisandrachinensispolysaccharidesolution(0.2mL/10g),respectively.MicefromtheKangnaolinggroupwereintragastricallyinfusedwith35mg/mLKangnaolingsuspension(0.2ml/10g),andthemiceinthemodelgroupwereintragastricallyinfusedwiththesamevolumeofnormalsal

简介：Houttuyniacordatapolysaccharide(HCP)isextractedfromHouttuyniacordata,akeytraditionalChinesemedicine.ThestudywastoinvestigatetheeffectsofHCPonintestinalbarrierandmicrobiotainH1N1virusinfectedmice.MicewereinfectedwithH1N1virusandorallyadministratedHCPatadosageof40mg(kg^-1(d^-1.H1N1infectioncausedpulmonaryandintestinalinjuryandgutmicrobiotaimbalance.HCPsignificantlysuppressedtheexpressionofhypoxiainduciblefactor-1αanddecreasedmucosubstancesingobletcells,butrestoredthelevelofzonulaoccludens-1inintestine.HCPalsoreversedthecompositionchangeofintestinalmicrobiotacausedbyH1N1infection,withsignificantlyreducedrelativeabundancesofVibrioandBacillus,thepathogenicbacterialgenera.Furthermore,HCPrebalancedthegutmicrobiotaandrestoredtheintestinalhomeostasistosomedegree.TheinhibitionofinflammationwasassociatedwiththereducedlevelofToll-likereceptorsandinterleukin-1βinintestine,aswellastheincreasedproductionofinterleukin-10.OraladministrationofHCPalleviatedlunginjuryandintestinaldysfunctioncausedbyH1N1infection.HCPmaygainsystemictreatmentbylocalactingonintestineandmicrobiota.Thisstudyprovedthehigh-valueapplicationofHCP.

简介：AnovelPleurotusnebrodensispolysaccharide(PN-S)waspurifiedandcharacterized,anditsimmune-stimulatingactivitywasevaluatedinRAW264.7macrophages.PN-SinducedtheproliferationofRAW264.7cellsinadose-dependentmanner,asdeterminedbytheMTTassay.AfterexposuretoPN-S,thephagocytosisofthemacrophageswassignificantlyimproved,withremarkablechangesinmorphologybeingobserved.FlowcytometricanalysisdemonstratedthatPN-SpromotedRAW264.7cellstoprogressthroughSandG2/Mphases.PN-Streatmentenhancedtheproductionsofinterleukin-6(IL-6),nitricoxide(NO),interferongamma(INF-γ),andtumornecrosisfactor-α(TNF-α)inthemacrophages,withup-regulationofmRNAexpressionsofinterleukin-6(IL-6),induciblenitricoxidesynthase(iNOS),interferongamma(INF-γ)andtumornecrosisfactor-α(TNF-α)beingobservedinadose-dependentmanner,asmeasuredbyqRT-PCR.Inconclusion,theseresultssuggestthatthepurifiedPN-Scanimproveimmunitybyactivatingmacrophages.