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简介：VanAndelResearchInstitute(VARI)investigatorsworkingincollaborationwithClevelandClinicresearchershavedeterminedthattwotypesofkidneytumorspreviouslythoughttobedifferentdiseasesareactuallyvariationsofthesamedisease.Thisfindingwillhelpdoctorstomoreaccuratelydiagnosethediseaseinpatients,anddemonstratestheimpor-tanceofusingmoleculardatatodiagnosecanceringeneral.

简介：目的：研究针灸结合中药治疗黄褐斑的效果。方法：把黄褐斑分成3型，予以针灸结合中药内服、外敷治疗。结果：针灸结合中药治疗黄褐斑有明显的效果，45例经2个疗程治疗后，有效率达93．3％。结论：针灸结合中药治疗黄褐斑有明显的效果。

简介：AbstractSince its outbreak, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has strongly influenced the life of the general public around the world. Based on its fast spread and high mortality, there is a need for novel therapeutic treatments to overcome this global health crisis. While medicinal chemistry is focused on the development of highly selective and affine inhibitors toward a specific target enzyme, material science is focused on the development of nanomaterials for selective drug delivery. Based on the individual strengths, these disciplines could synergistically act together and help overcome the limitations of the respective approach. Herein, the combination of medicinal chemistry with material science to overcome health problems with the example of SARS-CoV-2 is critically discussed.

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简介：AbstractPreterm labor (before 37 weeks’ gestation) is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity, which can be divided into iatrogenic preterm labor, infectious preterm labor, and spontaneous preterm labor (sPTL). Up to now, there continue to be great difficulties in prediction and prevention of sPTL, owing to multiple risk factors, pathogenesis, and pathologic processes contributing to the event, which have not been fully clarified. Pregnancy maintenance and parturition is a complicated process with continuous maternal-fetal dialogue, in which both maternal and fetal factors participate and affect the outcome of pregnancy, including sPTL. Besides, external factors can also participate in sPTL, individually or through the interaction with internal factors. In this article, we summarize recent studies regarding sPTL from our and other groups, and discuss the risk factors and pathogenesis of preterm birth from both external and internal (maternal and fetal) aspects, so as to provide theoretical evidences for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of sPTL in the future.

简介：Objective:Toinvestigatetheefficacyofcombina-tionofcircumcisionandmicrowaveongenitalwartsinuncircumcisedmen.Methods:Arandomized,prospectivestudyof109uncircumcisedadultmenwithgenitalwartswascon-ductedinaSTDclinicinZhanjiang,Guangdong.Onegroup(n=54)receivedmicrowavetherapyonly,whiletheothergroup(n=55)wastakenthecombinationofcircumcisionandmicrowavetherapy.Therecurrenceswereobservedattheendofmonths3,6and12,andoperativecomplicationswerealsorecorded.Results:Therewerenosignificantdifferencesinthemeanageanddurationofthediseasebetweentwogroups(P>0.05).Noseriousoperativecomplicationsweredocumented.Therecurrencerateincircumci-sionplusmicrowavegroupwasmarkedlylowerthanthatinmicrowavegroup(12.7%vs29.6%,P<0.05),whilethedifferencesinearlyandlaterecurrencesbetweentwogroupsshowednostatisticalsignificance(P>O.05).Conclusion:Circumcisioncanbesafelyperformedunderlocalanesthesiainanoutpatientsetting.Com-binationofcircumcisionandmicrowavecanproduceexcellenteffectaswellaslesstissuedamage,therefore,itmaybeidealforuncircumcisedpatientswithextensivecondvlomas.

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简介：Platinum-basedanticanceragentsarewidelyusedasfirst-linedrugsincancerchemotherapyforvarioussolidtumors.However,greatsideeffectsandoccurrenceofresistanceremainasthemajordrawbacksforalmostalltheplatinumdrugsdeveloped.Toconquertheseproblems,newstrategiesshouldbeadoptedforplatinumdrugbasedchemotherapy.Modernnanotechnologyhasbeenwidelyemployedinthedeliveryofvarioustherapeuticsanddiagnostic.Itprovidesthepossibilityoftargeteddeliveryofacertainanticancerdrugtothetumorsite,whichcouldminimizetoxicityandoptimizethedrugefficacy.Here,inthisreview,wefocusedontherecentprogressinpolymerbaseddrugdeliverysystemsforplatinum-basedcombinationtherapy.

简介：AbstractBackground:Hypertension is considered an important risk factor for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The commonly anti-hypertensive drugs are the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, calcium channel blockers (CCBs), and beta-blockers. The association between commonly used anti-hypertensive medications and the clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients with hypertension has not been well studied.Methods:We conducted a retrospective cohort study that included all patients admitted with COVID-19 to Huo Shen Shan Hospital and Guanggu District of the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China. Clinical and laboratory characteristics were extracted from electronic medical records. Hypertension and anti-hypertensive treatment were confirmed by medical history and clinical records. The primary clinical endpoint was all-cause mortality. Secondary endpoints included the rates of patients in common wards transferred to the intensive care unit and hospital stay duration. Logistic regression was used to explore the risk factors associated with mortality and prognosis. Propensity score matching was used to balance the confounders between different anti-hypertensive treatments. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to compare the cumulative recovery rate. Log-rank tests were performed to test for differences in Kaplan-Meier curves between different groups.Results:Among 4569 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, 31.7% (1449/4569) had a history of hypertension. There were significant differences in mortality rates between hypertensive patients with CCBs (7/359) and those without (21/359) (1.95% vs. 5.85%, risk ratio [RR]: 0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.13-0.76, χ2 = 7.61, P = 0.0058). After matching for confounders, the mortality rates were similar between the RAAS inhibitor (4/236) and non-RAAS inhibitor (9/236) cohorts (1.69% vs. 3.81%, RR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.13-1.43, χ2 = 1.98, P = 0.1596). Hypertensive patients with beta-blockers (13/340) showed no statistical difference in mortality compared with those without (11/340) (3.82% vs. 3.24%, RR: 1.19, 95% CI: 0.53-2.69, χ2= 0.17, P= 0.6777).Conclusions:In our study, we did not find any positive or negative effects of RAAS inhibitors or beta-blockers in COVID-19 patients with hypertension, while CCBs could improve prognosis.

简介：AIM:ToreviewvisionhealthsituationofIraniancommunity,analyzeitsdeterminants,anddiscusstheadoptedimprovementstrategiesbytheIranMinistryofHealthandMedicalEducation(MOHME).METHODS:Thiswasarapidsituationanalysiswithaqualitativeapproachinthreepartsofrecognition,orientationandimplementation.Thedataweregatheredviareviewofupstreamdocuments,nationalandinternationalexperiences,andexpertsandstakeholders’opinions.RESULTS:Eradicatingtrachoma,increasinghumanresources,increasingeducationalandresearchcentersandpromotionofophthalmictechnologieswereimportantachievementsinthefieldofvisionhealthinIran.Throughtheseachievements,itseemedthatthepatternofcausesofblindnessandlowvisionwassimilartothatofthedevelopedcountries.However,thereviewofIranians’visionhealthindicatorsshowedthataconsiderablepercentoftheblindnessandlowvisionwasavoidablethroughanationalprogramdemanding3typesofinterventionsinsocialdeterminantsofhealth(SDH),communityeducation,andincreasingtheaccesstohealthcareservicesbyintegratingthenecessaryservicesinprimaryhealthcaresystem.CONCLUSION:Managingtheissuerequiresattentionsfromanationalcommitteeforpreventingblindnesswithparticipationofallstakeholders,implementinganationalsurveyonvisionhealth,preparationoftheprimarylevelhealthcentersincludingemploymentandeducationofcommunityhealthworkers(Behvarzes),optometristsandgeneralpractitioners,fairdistributionofspecializedhumanresourcesandestablishingatleastonespecializedcenterineachprovinceforreferringpatientsfromtheprimarylevels.

简介：AbstractPurpose:The combined use of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medicine to manage bacterial endotoxin-induced inflammation following injuries or diseases is increasing. The cytokine level produced by macrophages plays an important role in this treatment course. Ciprofloxacin and indomethacin, two typical representatives of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medicine, are cost-effective and has been reported to show satisfactory effect. The current study aims to investigate the effect of ciprofloxacin along with indomethacin on the secretion of inflammatory cytokines by macrophages in vitro.Methods:Primary murine peritoneal macrophages and RAW 264.7 cells were administrated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h. The related optimal dose and time point of ciprofloxacin or indomethacin in response to macrophage inflammatory response inflammation were determined via macrophage secretion induced by LPS. Then, the effects of ciprofloxacin and indomethacin on the secretory functions and viability of various macrophages were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry analysis, especially for the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The optimal dose and time course of ciprofloxacin affecting macrophage inflammatory response were determined by testing the maximum inhibitory effect of the drugs on pro-inflammatory factors at each concentration or time point.Results:According to the levels of cytokines secreted by various macrophages (1.2 × 106 cells/well) after administration of 1 μg/mL LPS, the optimal dose and usage timing for ciprofloxacin alone were 80 μg/mL and 24 h, respectively, and the optimal dose for indomethacin alone was 10 μg/mL. Compared with the LPS-stimulated group, the combination of ciprofloxacin and indomethacin reduced the levels of IL-1β (p < 0.05), IL-6 (p < 0.05), IL-10 (p < 0.01)), and TNF-α (p < 0.01). Furthermore, there was greater stability in the reduction of inflammatory factor levels in the combination group compared with those in which only ciprofloxacin or indomethacin was used.Conclusion:The combination of ciprofloxacin and indomethacin suppressed the levels of inflammatory cytokines secreted by macrophages in vitro. This study illustrates the regulatory mechanism of drug combinations on innate immune cells that cause inflammatory reactions. In addition, it provides a new potential antibacterial and anti-inflammatory treatment pattern to prevent and cure various complications in the future.

简介：Multidrugresistance(MDR)isamajorobstacletosuccessfulcancertreatmentandiscrucialtocancermetastasisandrelapse.CombinationtherapyisaneffectivestrategyforovercomingMDR.However,thedifferentpharmacokinetic(PK)profilesofcombineddrugsoftenunderminethecombinationeffectinvivo,especiallywhengreatlydifferentphysicochemicalproperties(e.g.,thoseofmacromoleculesandsmalldrugs)combine.Toaddressthisissue,nanotechnology-basedcodeliverytechniqueshavebeenactivelyexplored.Theypossessgreatadvantagesfortumortargeting,controlleddrugrelease,andidenticaldrugPKprofiles.Thus,apowerfultoolforcombinationtherapyisprovided,andthetranslationfrominvitrotoinvivoisfacilitated.Inthisreview,wepresentasummaryofvariouscombinationstrategiesforovercomingMDRandthenanotechnology-basedcombinationtherapy.

简介：AbstractFive million neurosurgical cases go untreated each year. This is in part due to the lack of neurosurgical care providers. The World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies has spearheaded efforts to monitor the number of neurosurgical providers around the globe since 2016. In this perspective, we discuss why, when, and how the neurosurgical workforce should be measured.

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简介：瞄准：在为Peyronie的疾病在外科的过程以后改进耐心的满足的适当外科的过程的病历，外科手术前的评估，真实期望，和选择上讨论重要的点。方法：在Peyronie的疾病的途径的最近的进展基于文学和个人经验被讨论。有关外科的指示，耐心的选择，外科的技术，和移植的问题被讨论。借助于grafting提议的阴茎弯曲的凸的方面上的变长的过程从重建立场的最好的可能的获得。阴茎校正和刚硬被要求完成一根完全功能的阴茎。大多数病人经历联系可勃起的机能障碍(编辑)，并且独自的阴茎弄直不能是足够的恢复完全的功能。25个病人被提交与阴茎修复术植入的伴随物在长度和尺寸上总计阴茎重建。最大的长度恢复由把的神经与血管的捆的长度可能、有限。吝啬的年龄是55.4年(32-69年)和弯曲74.2±的吝啬的角度22.4°(0-100°)。心囊的移植被用来盖住缺点。吝啬的后续时间是11.2±5.9个月(3-22月)。结果：吝啬的功能的阴茎长度获得是3.40±0.73厘米(2-5厘米)。阴茎修复术笔直地维持了阴茎。没有感染发生了。性交在所有病人和所有报导恢复自尊被恢复。结论：对外科疗法的改善耐心的满足为恢复功能的阴茎(长度和刚硬)象外科的技术的广泛的讨论一样在稳定的疾病，阴茎弄短的、脉管、可勃起的地位，耐心的决定和选择上包括合适的外科手术前的评估。长度和尺寸恢复为自尊和耐心的满足是很重要的。

简介：Peripheralnerveinjuries(PNI)areamajorclinicalproblem.Ingeneral,PNIresultsfrommotorvehicleaccidents,lacerationswithsharpobjects,penetratingtrauma(gunshotwounds)andstretchingorcrushingtraumaandfractures.ItisestimatedthatPNIoccurin2.8%oftraumapatientsandthisnumberreaches5%ifplexusandrootlesionsarein-

简介：AbstractImmunotherapy has dramatically altered the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Currently, the emergence of combination strategies in immunotherapy has brightened the prospects of improved clinical outcomes and manageable safety profiles in the first/second-line settings. However, sub-optimal response rates are still observed in several clinical trials. Hence, alternative combination models and candidate selection strategies need to be explored. Herein, we have critically reviewed and commented on the published data from several clinical trials, including combined immunotherapy and chemotherapy, anti-angiogenic agents, epidermal growth factor receptor/anaplastic lymphoma kinase tyrosine kinase inhibitors, radiotherapy, and other immune checkpoint inhibitors.