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简介：Throughrecurrentbackcrossingincombinationwithmolecularmarker-assistedselection(MAS),restorerlinesR8006andRl176carryingXa-21,agenehavingbroad-spectrumresistancetoricebacterialleafblight,wereselected.BycrossingthetwolinestoCMSlineZhong9A,twonewhybridricecombinations,Zhongyou6andZhongyou1176weredeveloped.Thehybridsshowedhighresistancetodiseases,goodgrainqualityandhighyieldingpotentialinnationalandprovincialadaptabilityandyieldtrials.

简介：二细菌的老家(BB)抵抗基因，Xa21和Xa4，从IRBB24被介绍进杂交稻restorer线Mianhui725，它高度产生BB，由使用杂交和分子的帮助标记的选择技术。四根相应恢复系线通过与分子的标记测试R目标基因并且分析父母遗传背景被获得。有特定的紧张ofXanthomonasoryzaepv的四根线和他们的混血儿的接种。oryzae，P1，P6和七个代表汉语拉紧病理型，CⅠ-CⅦ，证明所有四根线和他们的混血儿是到BB的高度抵抗、介绍的宽广抵抗光谱。G46A/R207-2的混血儿显示了好农学的人物和高产潜力，并且R207-2被称为Shuhui207。

简介：为phosphoenolpyruvatecarboxylase基因(ZmC4Ppc)的未经触动的Zeamays基因全身是6781bp。为这基因的PCR的产品不与差的重覆性是清楚的，结果因为它在米饭和玉米两个都对帮助标记的选择(妈)困难。为为妈选择标记，仅仅在玉米而非在米饭介绍的序列被强风识别，并且用教材首相5.0为教材设计使用了。一双特定的教材称为MRpc(向前：5AAGCAGGGAAGCGAGACG3，逆行：5GATTGCCGCCAGCAGTAG3)被用于转变米饭的选择，并且ZmC4Ppc能高度并且组成地在使用MRpc选择的转变米饭在每个测试发展阶段被表示。因此，MRpc被用于与ZmC4Ppc在米饭和一些restorer线带ZmC4Ppc基因的子孙的妈(例如FPM881)与restorer线Shuhui881源于转变ZmC4Ppc的Kitaakebackcrossed被获得。基因背景上的分析，PEPCase活动，捕捞光合的率，一般联合能力(GCA)和显示出的FPM881的特定的联合能力(SCA)超过95%到达的基因背景的那类似，PEPCase和网络光合的率比那些高控制，并且一些带ZmC4Ppc基因的子孙为谷物的GCA和SCA最好每植物让步，控制比那些每植物，和1000谷物重量圆锥花序数。这建议经由妈和它的稳定的表示的玉米ZmC4Ppc基因的介绍能增加米饭的谷物产量并且将多半为米饭提供一条小径品种的改进。

简介：Twomajorbacterialblight(BB)resistancegenes(Xa21andxa13)andamajorgeneforblastresistance(Pi54)wereintrogressedintoanIndianricevarietyMTU1010throughmarker-assistedbackcrossbreeding.ImprovedSambaMahsuri(possessingXa21andxa13)andNLR145(possessingPi54)wereusedasdonorparents.Marker-assistedbackcrossingwascontinuedtillBC2generationwhereinPCRbasedfunctionalmarkersspecificfortheresistancegeneswereusedforforegroundselectionandasetofparentalpolymorphicmicrosatellitemarkerswereusedforbackgroundselectionateachstageofbackcrossing.SelectedBC2F1plantsfrombothcrosses,havingthehighestrecoveriesofMTU1010genome(90%and92%,respectively),wereintercrossedtoobtainintercrossF1(ICF1)plants,whichwerethenselfedtogenerate880ICF2plantspossessingdifferentcombinationsoftheBBandblastresistancegenes.AmongtheICF2plants,seventriplehomozygousplants(xa13xa13Xa21Xa21Pi54Pi54)withrecurrentparentgenomerecoveryrangingfrom82%to92%wereidentified.AllthesevenICF2plantsshowedhighresistanceagainstthebacterialblightdiseasewithalesionlengthsofonly0.53–2.28cm,1%–5%diseaseleafareasanddiseasescoringvaluesof‘1'or‘3'.ThesevenICF2plantswereselfedtogenerateICF3,whichwerethenscreenedforblastresistance,andallwereobservedtobehighlyresistanttothediseases.SeveralICF3linespossessinghighlevelofresistanceagainstBBandblast,coupledwithyield,grainqualityandplanttypeonparwithMTU1010wereidentifiedandadvancedforfurtherselectionandevaluation.

简介：Thispaperfocusesontheuseofmodelsforincreasingtheprecisionofestimatorsinlarge-areaforestsurveys.Itismotivatedbytheincreasingavailabilityofremotelysenseddata,whichfacilitatesthedevelopmentofmodelspredictingthevariablesofinterestinforestsurveys.Wepresent,reviewandcomparethreedifferentestimationframeworkswheremodelsplayacorerole:model-assisted,model-based,andhybridestimation.Thefirsttwoarewellknown,whereasthethirdhasonlyrecentlybeenintroducedinforestsurveys.Hybridinferencemixesdesignbasedandmodel-basedinference,sinceitreliesonaprobabilitysampleofauxiliarydataandamodelpredictingthetargetvariablefromtheauxiliarydata.Wereviewstudiesonlarge-areaforestsurveysbasedonmodel-assisted,modelbased,andhybridestimation,anddiscussadvantagesanddisadvantagesoftheapproaches.Weconcludethatnogeneralrecommendationscanbemadeaboutwhethermodel-assisted,model-based,orhybridestimationshouldbepreferred.Thechoicedependsontheobjectiveofthesurveyandthepossibilitiestoacquireappropriatefieldandremotelysenseddata.Wealsoconcludethatmodellingapproachescanonlybesuccessfullyappliedforestimatingtargetvariablessuchasgrowingstockvolumeorbiomass,whichareadequatelyrelatedtocommonlyavailableremotelysenseddata,andthuspurelyfieldbasedsurveysremainimportantforseveralimportantforestparameters.

简介：Bacterialleafblightofrice(BLB),causedbyXanthomonasoryzaepv.oryzae,isoneofthemostdestructivediseasesinAsianricefields.Ahigh-qualityricevariety,LT2,wasusedastherecipientparent.IRBB21,whichcarriestheXa21gene,wasusedasthedonorparent.TheresistancegeneXa21wasintroducedintoLT2bymarker-assistedbackcrossing.ThreeXooraceswereusedtoinoculatetheimprovedlinesfollowingtheclippingmethod.ElevenBC3F3linescarryingXa21wereobtainedbasedonmolecularmarkersandagronomicperformance.The11linesweretheninoculatedwiththethreeXooraces.Allthe11improvedlinesshowedbetterresistancetoBLBthantherecipientparentLT2.BasedonthelevelofresistancetoBLBandtheiragronomicperformance,fivelines(BC3F35.1.5.1,BC3F35.1.5.12,BC3F38.5.6.44,BC3F39.5.4.1andBC3F39.5.4.23)wereselectedasthemostpromisingforcommercialrelease.Theseimprovedlinescouldcontributetoriceproductionintermsoffoodsecurity.