简介：Probesaretheinterfacebetweenmicrosystemsandbio-cells.Theidealinterfaceisone-to-oneinterface.Thoughvariousresearchgroupshavebeenabletoestablishsomesortofinterfacesaftermanyyearsofresearch,theyareverycrude.Neuronsaremillionsinnumbers,whereastheprosthesessuccessfullybuiltsofarhaveonlyafewhundredprobesatbest.Creatinganef-fectiveinterfaceisstillfaraway.Thoughwehavemicro-andnano-technologies,wecouldn’tbuildaprosthesiswithaneffectiveresolution.Mainreasonsbehinditarethetypeofprobebeingusedandthepoordesignoftheprobe.Toaddressthisproblem,wedevelopedamethodologytodesignaprobeandanarrayofprobeswithbetterresolutionandlessresistivedonutprobe.Thismethodologyhelpsustodesignaprobeoptimizingalltheparameters.Wepresentedourmethodologythroughadesignthatiscapableof70μmpenetrationinsidethetissue.Thetissueheatingbyourdesignedprobeisonly0.411°C.Wealsocharacterizedthedonutprobe,whichcouldbeusedbyanyresearchgrouptodesignadonutprobeoftheirspecificneed.