简介：SARSResearchinChina

简介：ChinahasrecognizedthethreatofHIVtoitspopulationandrespondedwithanationalantiretroviraltreatment(ART)program.However,highARTfailureratesandthespreadofresistancewithinpopulationsareimportantrealitiestoconsiderwhendevelopingandmanagingARTprogramsinChinaandworldwide.Conceptswhichwilldefinetreatmentsuccessandlocalandnationalprogrammaticgoalsare1)accesstoART,2)durabilityofARTatthepatientlevel,3)scalabilityoftreatmentmodalities,andthe4)sustainabilityoftheprogramatthecommunityornationallevel.Inthefaceoflimitedresources,ChinamustalsoconsiderwhentostartARVtherapy,whichagentstouse,whentoswitchthem,andhowtotreathighlyexperiencedpatientswithdrugresistance.TheoptimalARVregimentostartwithischangingfrequentlywiththeintroductionofnewagentsandthepresentationofnewdata.Currently,aregimenincludingtenofovir,emtricitabineorlamivudineandanonnucleosidereversetranscriptaseinhibitorappearstohaveoptimalcharacteristicstotreatHIV/AIDSinChina.However,criticaltoallofthesechoicesistheevaluationofprogramsimplementedtoinsurewidescalesuccess.Chinahaswiselybegunthisprocessofevaluatingtheperformanceoflocalprogramsthroughsystematicmonitoringandevaluationoftreatmentoutcomes.Thiswillallowregimensandprogramsthatworktobeexpanded,andprogramswithhighfailureratestobeeliminated.Intheend,evidencebaseddatasupportingtreatmentstrategieswillallowChinatosuccessfullyconfrontitsAIDSepidemicearlyandpreventitstragicconsequences

简介：ThisarticleisageneralreviewoftheevolvementofHIV/AIDS-relatedpublicpoliciesinChinasince1980's.Ittrackstheimportantlaws,regulationsandothergovernmentaldocumentsinregardtoHIV/AIDSpreventionmainlyatcentrallevel.

简介：Comparedwithhighinfectionareasoftheworld,thetotalHIVinfectionrateinChinaisrelativelylow.Nonetheless,becauseofChina'svastterritoryandlargepopulation,thepotentialinfectionriskmustbetakenseriously.Inthenextfewyears,needlesharingamonginjectiondruguserswillremainthemostcommonrouteoftransmissionfortheHIV/AIDSepidemicinChina.Unprotectedsexisgraduallybecomingamajorrouteoftransmission.ChinabegantoimplementHAARTin1999accordingtointernationalstandards.Priorto2003,therewereonlyabout150HIV/AIDSpatientsweretreatedwithHAARTinsomeclinicaltrialsandabout100HIV/AIDSpatientsweretreatedbyprivatesources.ResultsofthosetreatmentsarethescientificbasisfordevelopmentofthetherapeuticstrategiesinChina.InMarchof2003,theChinesegovernmentinitiatedChinaCARESprogram.InNovemberof2003,theChineseMinistryofHealthannouncedanationalpolicyoffreeARVtreatmenttoallHIV+ChinesecitizenswhowereinpovertyandrequiredARVtherapy.Therearetotalof19,456HIV/AIDSpatientsreceivedfreeARVdrugstodatein159regionsand441towns.Currentchallengesarehowtofollow-upandevaluatethosepatientsintheclinicalsettings.Thelongerthetherapyispostponed,themoresideeffectsandthehigherprobabilityofdrugresistancearegoingtooccur.Itremainsunclear,therefore,whenHAARTregimenshouldbestartedintheHIV/AIDSpopulationinChina.

简介：China'sFreeARTProgramwasinitiatedin2002asanemergencyresponsetosaveandimprovethelivesofAIDSpatientslivingmainlyinimpoverishedruralregionsofcentralChina.WithlittleexperienceinHIV/AIDStreatmentandcareandresourcelimitations,China'seffortstoprovidewidespreadaccesstofreeantiretroviraltherapyhasbeenaprocessfraughtwithdifficulty.However,theFreeARTProgramisprogressingfromanemergencyresponsetoastandardizedtreatmentandcaresystem.Thedevelopmentofnationalguidelines,trainingprograms,alaboratorysupportnetwork,anationalpatientdatabase,programsforspecialpopulationssuchaschildrenandpatientslivingwithcoinfections,andoperationalresearchhasimprovedthescopeandqualityofthefreetreatmentprogram.AsofJune30,2005,atotalof19,456patientsin28provinces,autonomousregions,andspecialmunicipalitieshadreceivedfreeART.ChallengesstemmingfromthenatureofChina'shealthsystemandpatientpopulationpersist,butwithstronggovernmentsupportandadiversesetofresources,Chinahasthecapacitytoovercomethesechallengesandtoprovidenationwideaccesstohighqualitytreatmentandcare.

简介：在中国的EndotrichaZeller的30种类的一张清单在这篇论文被介绍。六种(E。dumalissp。nov，E。lunulatasp。nov。E。medoganasp。nov，E。nigrasp.nov，E。purpuratasp。nov。并且E。simipuniceasp。nov)对科学新并且三(E.admirabilisKirpichnikova，E。fuscobasalisRagonot和E。valentisKirpichnikova)在中国第一次被记录。成年特征和新种的生殖器的结构被说明，中国种类的关键被给。

简介：Inthelasttwoyears,wehaveseenaremarkableintensificationintheresponsetoAIDSinChina.AnumberoforganizationshavejoinedandcontributedtotheeffortsoftheChinesegovernmentinrespondingtheAIDSepidemicinChina.ThisarticlespecificallydescribestheroleoftheUnitedNationsinsupportingandstrengtheningthoseresponses.AchievementsoftheUnitedNations(UN)highlightedinthearticleinclude:strengthenedleadershipandpoliticalcommitmenttorespondtoAIDS;improvedHIV/AIDSsurveillanceandinformation;expandedpreventionefforts;improvedtreatment,careandsupporttopeoplelivingwithHIVandincreasedresourcesforAIDSprograms.Additionalrolesofe.,onenationalplanonAIDS;onenationalcoordinatingauthorityforAIDS;andonemonitoringandevaluationsystemforAIDS.Inaddition,theUNsystemisexpectedtostrengthenalignmentandharmonizationofactivitiesofallinternationalorganizationsandimprovedaccountabilityandoversight.RemainingchallengesidentifiedincludeincreasingawarenessofAIDSandreducingstigmaanddiscrimination;reducingvulnerabilityandriskbehaviouramongspecificgroups;providingimprovedtreatment,careandsupportforpeoplelivingwithHIV;promotingstrongerengagementbycivilsociety,and;addressingthegenderdimensionsofAIDS.

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简介：Internationalnon-governmentalorganizationswereamongthefirstinternationalactorsthatrespondedtotheemergenceofAIDScrisisinChina.Since1994,thenumberofinternationalnon-governmentalorganizationsandcharitablefoundationsworkinginAIDSrelatedissueareasinChinahasgrownsteadilyandsubstantially.Despitetheirorganizationaldifferences,mostofthesenon-governmentalactorspresentthecharacteristicsofindependentmission,localizedpracticeanddiverseworkingfocus.Eventhoughtheyareconstrainedbyfinancialandotherfactorscomparedwithmultilateralandbilateralofficialassistanceagencies,theyhavestillplayedauniqueroleinfightingagainstAIDSinChinaastechnicalexperts,publiceducators,andcivilsocietysupporters.

简介：TheBeijingGenomicsInstitute(BGI)ofChineseAcademyofSciences(CAS)wasofficiallyfoundedinDecember2003.Itspredecessor,BeijingHuadaGenomicsResearchCenter,haspresentedsignificantcontributionstothedevelopmentoflifesciencesinChinabyitsexcellentscientificinnovationsandachievementsinthelastfiveyears.

简介：ItisoutofquestionthatChinahasachievedconsiderableadvancementsinscienceandtechnology.Theworldwidespreadof"MadeinChina"thatgetsonthewesterncountries'nervesisagoodillustration.However,althoughcomparativelybetterthansomeotherdevelopingcountries,wehavetofacethesituationthatscienceandtechnologyinsuchagreatnationasChinaisstillseriouslylaggedbehind,lackinggreatbreakthroughsandtop-rankingmastersandleaders.That'swhywefeeluneasyinfrontofinternationalcolleagues.

简介：TRAF2isacriticaladaptormoleculeforTNFreceptorsininflammatoryandimmunesignaling.Uponreceptorengagement,TRAF2isrecruitedtoCD40andtranslocatestolipidraftsinaRINGfinger-dependentprocess,whichenablestheactivationofdownstreamkinases.TRAF1candisplaceTRAF2andCD40fromraftfractions,anditpromotestheabilityofTRAF2tosustainsignalactivation.ReplacementoftheRINGfingerofTRAF2witharaft-targetingsignalrestoresJNKactivationandassociationwiththecytoskeletalproteinFilamin,butnotNF-KBactivation.TRAF1-/-dendriticcellsshowattenuatedresponses

简介：TheChina-UKSystemsBiologyWorkshop2005washeldduringJune20-21intheNationalScienceParkofZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou,China.ItwasorganizedbytheInstituteofBioinformatics,ZhejiangUniversity,andwasinitiatedbyProf.Dr.JunZhu(ZhejiangUniversity)andProf.Dr.JohnFindlay(UniversityofLeeds,UK).TheworkshopwaspartoftheprogramcalledUK-ChinaPartnersinScience,aone-yearcampaignthatwasinitiatedbytheBritishgovernmenttoexploremorecollaborationsbetweenUKandChinaonscienceandtechnology.Itwasattendedalsobyarepresentativeofthisprogram,Mr.FrankYuan,seniorscience&innovationofficer.Theideaoftheworkshopwastobringtogetherexpertswithspecialistsinsystemsbiologyinordertopromotethe"naturalpartnership"betweenscientistsfromthetwocountries.Themostimportantitemsofsystemsbiologyconsideredattheworkshopwere:(1)Newtechnologiesandadvancesinsystemsbiology;(2)Researchdevelopmentsingenomicsandproteomics;(3)Newmethodologiesandsoftwareincomputationalbiology;(4)ResearchcollaborationonsystemsbiologybetweenChinaandUK.

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简介：Bcl-2基因属于Bcl-2基因家族，其表达的Bcl-2蛋白在细胞凋亡过程中通过抑制线粒体中细胞色素C的释放，可明显地抑制细胞凋亡。由于在大规模的细胞培养过程中，细胞的死亡以凋亡为主，所以可通过建立稳定过表达Bcl-2蛋白的重组细胞株，以抑制细胞的凋亡。同时，Bcl-2蛋白的变化不但可预见肿瘤的发生，而且通过药物降低Bcl-2的含量对于肿瘤的治疗也具有积极的意义。本文综述了Bcl-2蛋白的结构、功能、抗凋亡作用的机理，以及目前在生物制药和临床方面的应用和前景。

简介：<正>Usingsubtractioncloning,weidentifiedthehumanN-MycDownstream-RegulatedGene-2(hNDRG2),locatedat14q11.2,asacandidatetumorsuppressorgene.Semi-quantitativeRT-PCRshowedthattheexpressionofhNDRG2in15of27(56%)humanGBMtissuesandall6humanglioblastomacelllineswassignificantlylowerthanthatinthenormalbrain.TheexpressionofhNDRG2alsowasevaluatedin60lung-carcinomapatients.17of26casesofsquamouscarcinomaand4of11casesofsmallcelllungcancerdisplayed

简介：GelatinaseA(MMP-2)isconsideredtoplayacriticalroleincellmigrationandinvasion.Theproteinaseiscercetedfromthecellasaninactivezymogen.InvivoitispostulatedthatactivationofprogelationaseA(proMMP-2)takesplaceonthecellsurfacemediatedbymembrane-typematrixmetalloproteinases(MT-MMPs).RecentstudieshavedemonstratedthatproMMP-2isrecruitedtothecellsurfacebyinteractingwithtissueinhibitorofmetalloproteinases-2(TIMP-2)boundtoMT1-MMPbyformingaternarycomplex.FreeMT1-MMPcloselylocatedtotheternarycomplexthenactivatesproMMP-2onthecellsurface.MT1-MMPisfoundinculturedinvasivecancercellsattheinvadopodia.TheMT-MMP/TIMP-2/MMP-2systemthusprovideslocalizedexpressionofproteolysisoftheextracellularmatrixrequiredforcellmigration.