简介:Maleandfemalesexhormonesareessentialforprenatalandpostnatalsexualdevelopment,andformanyaspectsofadultreproductivehealth.However,evidencefromexperimentalanimalstudiesandclinicalepidemiologicaldataindicatesthatprolongedexposuretoendogenoussexsteroidspromotesneoplastictransformationintheglandularepitheliaofsecondarysexualorgans(e.g.breast,uterus,prostate).Sexsteroidsrecruitmitoticallyquiescent(Go)cellstoentertheproliferativecellcycle(G1andSphases)byincreasingtheexpressionofregulator).proteins,evclinsandcyclin-dependentkinases.Sexsteroidsalsorepressgenesthatactivateapoptoticprogvammedcelldeath.Thesemitogenicandantiapoptotieactionscanincreasethelikelihoodofrandomgeneticerrorsandpromotethedevelopmentandprogressionofcancers.Forclinicians,themostimportantaspectofthisrelationshipisthemodestincreasedriskofbreastandprostaticmalignancies,overbackgroundrates,attributabletotheuseofexogenoussexsteroidsforcontraceptionandhonnonereplacementtherapy(HRT).Tiffscontributionfocnsesonthisaspect.
简介:AbstractThe homeostasis of the gut-brain axis has been shown to exert several effects on physiological and psychological health. The gut hormones released by enteroendocrine cells scattered throughout the gastrointestinal tract are important signaling molecules within the gut-brain axis. The interaction between gut microbiota and gut hormones has been greatly appreciated in gut-brain cross-talk. The microbiota plays an essential role in modulating many gut-brain axis-related diseases, ranging from gastrointestinal disorders to psychiatric diseases. Similarly, gut hormones also play pleiotropic and important roles in maintaining health, and are key signals involved in gut-brain axis. More importantly, gut microbiota can affect the release and functions of gut hormones. This review highlights the role of gut microbiota in the gut-brain axis and focuses on how microbiota-related gut hormones modulate various physiological functions. Future studies could target the microbiota-hormones-gut brain axis to develop novel therapeutics for different psychiatric and gastrointestinal disorders, such as obesity, anxiety, and depression.
简介:良性的prostatic增生(BPH)是最普通的医药条件在之一中年并且老人。这研究在中国的变老的男人口调查了在性别荷尔蒙的浆液层次和BPH的措施之间的关系。前列腺症状作为为人≥屏蔽节目的免费健康的部分被估计;40岁。考试包括了数字直肠的检查,前列腺特定的抗原铺平的浆液的决心,国际前列腺症状分数(IPSS)和transrectalultrasonography。全部的睾丸激素(TT)的浆液层次,性别荷尔蒙绑定血球素(SHBG),免费睾丸激素(英尺),luteinizing荷尔蒙(LH),刺激滤泡的荷尔蒙(FSH),催乳激素(PRL)和estradiol(E2)被评估。这些人也完成了一张健康和人口分布问询表并且收到了详细物理考试。最后的学习人口与58.9年的吝啬的年龄由949个人组成了。皮尔森关联分析显示除了TT,在所有性别荷尔蒙的年龄和层次之间,并且在年龄和前列腺体积之间有重要关联(PV;r=0.243;P<;0.01)或IPSS(r=0.263;P<;0.01)。另外的重要关联在IPSS和LH的浆液层次之间被发现(r=0.112;P<;0.01)并且FSH(r=0.074;P<;0.05),但是在性别荷尔蒙层次和PV之间没有重要关联。Multivariate线性回归分析与PV显示出在年龄和身体团索引(BMI)之间的重要关联(P<;0.0001)。另外,与IPSS在年龄和PV之间有重要关联(P<;0.0001)。浆液性别荷尔蒙层次没与PV或IPSS相关。在使人变老的BPH的措施上的内分泌的变化的效果要求进一步的调查在纵并且与BPH的所有严厉包括病人的multicenter研究。
简介:摘要ObjectiveThis single-center study aimed to investigate the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on modulation of thyroid hormone levels and cognition in the recovery stage of patients with cognitive dysfunction following stroke.MethodsSeventy post-stroke patients who had cognitive impairment were randomly assigned to either the rTMS group or the control (sham) group. Both groups were administered basic treatment, with the rTMS group receiving rTMS (1 Hz, 90% MT, 1000 pulse/20 min, once a day for 5 days, for a total of 20 times), the stimulation site was the contralateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and the sham group receiving sham stimulation which had the same stimulation parameters and site, except that the coil plane was placed perpendicular to the surface of the scalp. Cognitive function assessment and thyroid function tests were performed before and after 4 weeks of treatment.Resultserum levels of triiodothyronine (T3), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) showed a positive correlation with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale score of stroke patients in the recovery phase. The post-treatment change in the scores of MoCA and Modified Barthel Index (MBI) and scores of 3 cognitive domains (visuospatial function, memory, and attention), as well as serum T3, FT3, and TSH levels, were improved more significantly in the rTMS group, and T3 and FT3 levels significantly affected the MoCA scores within the reference range.ConclusionsSerum T3, FT3, and TSH levels of stroke patients in the recovery phase were positively correlated with MoCA score. rTMS increased T3, FT3, and TSH levels and also improved MoCA and MBI of patients in the recovery phase of stroke.
简介:前列腺癌症(PCa)在外部地区(PZ)主要发生,是众所周知的,而良性的prostatic增生(BPH)典型地在转变地区发展。识别位于带的差别下面的可能的机制,我们比较了房间面对性荷尔蒙在一根PCa上皮的房间线(PC3)上从外部地区(PZsc)和转变地区(TZsc)导出的前列腺stromal的效果。首先,当房间与dihydrotestosterone(DHT)和β被对待时,我们观察到雄激素受体(AR)mRNA更高度比TZsc在PZsc被表示;-oestradiol(E2)(P<;0.05)。由ELISA,我们从PZsc和TZsc在肽生长因素的分泌物寻找了差别。我们发现那keratinocyte生长因素(KGF)分泌物与增加DHT的集中增加了(P<;0.01)并且比TZsc在PZsc是更高的。在有DHT正E2的治疗下面,PZsc分泌了更多的转变生长factor-β;1(TGF-β;1)与TZsc,而是这个模式被颠倒房间什么时候仅仅与E2被对待比。与增加DHT的集中,像胰岛素的生长factor-1(IGF-1)分泌物在PZsc增加了,但是在TZsc减少了。为了推进,在PC3房间上描绘PZsc和TZsc的效果,我们开发了一个coculture模型并且执行了MTT试金,西方的污点分析和即时RT-PCR。我们发现PZsc比TZsc更好支持了PC3房间增长和前进,特别地当与10 对待时;加10 的nmoll−1DHT;nmoll−1E2。在结论,我们的数据建议PZsc可以有一个更大的能力经由性荷尔蒙调整的生长因素比TZsc导致PCa开发和前进。这些调查结果提供在前列腺疾病位于带的差别下面的可能的机制,它可以为PCa为新奇治疗学的目标帮助搜索。
简介:摘要雌激素,孕激素是雌性动物产生的两大类重要激素,它们对人体的健康有着重要的影响。一定程度上雌、孕激素对不同器官和疾病有很大作用,正因为此类激素的作用宽广性,所以正常的雌激素,孕激素分泌对人体健康具有重要意义。雌激素,孕激素影响较大的器官是胃肠道,消化道的并发症一般是由于雌激素,孕激素分泌不调导致的,医学上认为,雌激素不增加食管癌的发生,但对胆石症的病发具有重要的推动作用。孕激素对胃溃肠具有一定的保护作用。雌激素,孕激素在一定情况的升高或降低都是一种生理反应,它们分泌失调比如导致消化道等此类的疾病。本文通过阐述与雌激素,孕激素和消化道相关的器官的机能,来详述雌激素,孕激素与消化道之间的关系,为正确认识雌激素,孕激素与消化道的关系提供基础。
简介:目的探讨雌激素孕激素受体阳性与雌激素受体(ER)阳性孕激素受体(PR)阴性乳腺癌的临床病理特征及预后因素分析。方法收集2012年1月至2015年12月山东省肿瘤医院收治的398例女性乳腺癌患者的临床资料,分析病理学特征。应用#检验比较不同组的差异;应用COX回归模型分析疾病进展相关因素。结果低ER水平(HR5.59,95%CI:2.42~12.95,P〈0.001)、低PR水平(HR0.19,95%CI:0.04~0.90,P〈0.05)和高Ki-67增殖指数(HR5.84,95%CI:1.91~17.85,P〈0.05)的患者复发率更高。ER+/PR+患者与ER+/PR+患者在肿瘤体积(P〈0.001)、病理分期(P〈0.001)、Ki-67水平(I〉20%)(P〈0.001)、Her-2阳性表达(P〈0.05)等方面比较,差异有统计学意义。结论ER+/PR+乳腺肿瘤比ER+/PR+乳腺肿瘤具有更强的侵袭性。
简介:摘要目的探讨雌、雄、孕激素在男性原发性痛风性关节炎(pGA)患者血清中的变化及其可能的作用。方法收集266例pGA患者[其中急性期痛风患者(AG)93例、间歇期痛风患者(IG)118例、慢性期痛风患者(CG)55例]和129名健康体检者(HC)的血清、临床资料及实验室检查指标;运用化学发光微粒子免疫检测法(CMIA)检测血清中雌二醇、孕酮、睾酮、雌二醇/睾酮的表达水平。采用SPSS 17.0统计软件进行分析,计量资料组间比较采用单因素方差分析,变量间的相关关系采用Spearman相关分析。结果① pGA、AG、IG、CG组血清中雌二醇、睾酮水平均低于HC组[(30±8)pg/ml,(27±7)pg/ml,(31±8) pg/ml,(34±7)pg/ml,(35±10)pg/ml;F=17.770,P<0.05]和[(4.4±1.6)ng/ml,(3.8±1.4)ng/ml,(4.6±1.4)ng/ml,(5.1±2.0)ng/ml,(5.8±1.9)ng/ml;F=23.314,P<0.05],但HC组血清雌二醇水平与CG组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),AG组血清中雌二醇、睾酮水平又均低于IG、CG组[(27±7)pg/ml,(31±8)pg/ml,(34±7)pg/ml;F=17.770,P<0.05]和[(3.8±1.4)ng/ml,(4.6±1.4)ng/ml,(5.1±2.0)ng/ml;F=23.314,P<0.05],IG组血清雌二醇水平低于CG组[(31±8)pg/ml,(34±7)pg/ml;F=17.770,P<0.05]。HC组血清中孕酮水平、雌二醇/睾酮均低于pGA、AG组[(0.24±0.10)ng/ml,(0.27±0.11)ng/ml,(0.30±0.15)ng/ml;F=5.124,P<0.05]和[(0.006 6±0.002 2)ng/ml,(0.007 6±0.003 2)ng/ml,(0.008 0±0.003 8)ng/ml;F=3.787,P<0.05],IG、CG组血清中孕酮水平又均低于AG组[(0.25±0.09)ng/ml,(0.26±0.08)ng/ml,(0.30±0.15)ng/ml;F=5.124,P<0.05];② Spearman相关分析发现pGA组雌二醇水平与睾酮、胱抑素(CysC)呈正相关(r=0.310,P<0.01;r=0.164,P=0.008),与单核细胞呈负相关(r=-0.133,P=0.030);其孕酮水平与单核细胞呈正相关(r=0.139,P=0.023);其睾酮水平与肌酐、CysC呈正相关(r=0.179,P=0.003;r=0.162,P=0.008),与白细胞、中性粒细胞、单核细胞呈负相关(r=-0.140,P=0.022;r=-0.173,P=0.005;r=-0.149,P=0.015);其雌二醇/睾酮与载脂蛋白(apo)B1、空腹血糖呈正相关(r=0.131,P=0.032;r=0.140,P=0.023)。AG组雌二醇水平与睾酮、肌酐呈正相关(r=0.234,P=0.024;r=0.245,P=0.018);其睾酮水平与肌酐呈正相关(r=0.349,P=0.001),与apoB1呈负相关(r=-0.250,P=0.016);其雌二醇/睾酮与apoB1呈正相关(r=0.276,P=0.007)。IG组雌二醇水平与睾酮呈正相关(r=0.269,P=0.003),与单核细胞呈负相关(r=-0.183,P=0.048);其孕酮水平与单核细胞呈正相关(r=0.204,P=0.027)。CG组孕酮水平与CysC呈正相关(r=0.303,P=0.025)。结论痛风患者外周血血清中雌二醇、睾酮的表达显著降低,孕酮雌二醇/睾酮表达升高,雌二醇与睾酮之间呈正相关,并与痛风患者炎性、糖脂代谢指标相关,提示雌、雄、孕激素可能通过调控痛风的炎症和代谢过程参与其发病。
简介:糖尿病是威胁人类健康的主要杀手之一。糖尿病发生的原因归根结底是胰岛素分泌不足和胰岛素抵抗。胰岛β细胞受损、胰岛素分泌不足和对葡萄糖刺激反应异常不仅是1型糖尿病发病的根本原因.而且也在2型糖尿病发病中起着重要作用。胰岛β细胞一旦遭到破坏,功能受损,要使其完全恢复正常十分困难。
简介:Inthisstudy,threecDNAsequencescorrespondingtocytochromeP450C17(CYP17I),3β-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenase(3β-HSD)andandrogenreceptor(AR)wereisolatedfromspottedseabass(Lateolabraxmaculatus).ThemRNAabundancesofCYP17Iand3β-HSDincreasedfromstageⅡtostageⅤwithasignificantincreaseatstageⅤ,andthehighestabundanceofARmRNAwasdetectedatstageⅢintesticulardevelopmentcycle.CYP17I,3β-HSDandARtranscriptswereobviouslyabundantinsteroidogenesistissuessuchastestis,brain,headkidneyamongothers.StrongandpositivesignalswereobservedmainlyininterstitialcellregionsofL.maculatustestisasweremeasuredwithinsituhybridizationmethod.SignificantincreasesofCYP17Iand3β-HSDtranscriptsweredetectedafter12–48hhCG(humanchorionicgonadotropin)andGnRHa(gonadotropin-releasinghormoneanalogue)treatments.However,anoppositerelationshipwasfoundforARintestisatthesametime.Inaddition,decreasingtrendsofCYP17Iand3β-HSDmRNAwereobservedintestisofL.maculatusinfreshwatergroup(FW)fromday2today6,andmRNAabundanceofARincreasedinbrackishwater(BW)groupfromday4today8.Thesefindingsrevealedthatthesethreesteroidsynthesisgenesareimportfortesticulardevelopment,hormoneandsalinitytreatment,andprovidedalsoaninsightintothemechanismofreproductiveendocrineofL.maculatus.
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