简介：ＴｈｅｔｈｅｒａｐｅｕｔｉｃｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅｓｏｆＡｌｚｈｅｉｍｅｒ’Ｄｉｓｅａｓｅｗｅｒｅｒｅｐｌｅｎｉｓｈｉｎｇｖｉｔａｌｅｎｅｒｇｙａｎｄｉｎｖｉｇｏｒａｔｉｎｇｂｌｏｏｄｃｉｒｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎ,ｉｎｖｉｇｏｒａｔｉｎｇｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｓｐｌｅｅｎｔｏｒｅｓｏｌｖｅｐｈｌｅｇｍ,ｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｅｎｉｎｇｔｈｅｍａｒｒｏｗｂｙｒｅｉｎｆｏｒｃｉｎｇｔｈｅｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｋｉｄｎｅｙ,ｉｎｖｉｇｏｒａｔｉｎｇｂｌｏｏｄｃｉｒｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎｔｏｅｌｉｍｉｎａｔｅｂｌｏｏｄｓｔａｓｉｓ.Ｔｈｅｍａｉｎｔｈｅｒａｐｅｕｔｉｃａｃｕｐｏｉｎｔｓｗｅｒｅａｓｆｏｌｌｏ

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简介：Objective:Toobservetheclinicalefficacyofacupuncture-moxibustionintreatingAlzheimer’sdisease(AD).Methods:Forty-eighteligibleADpatientswereenrolledtoreceiveacupunctureplusherb-partitionedmoxibustion.Mini-mentalstateexamination(MMSE)wasadoptedforevaluationbeforeandafterintervention,andthetherapeuticefficacywasobserved.Results:Afterintervention,theMMSEscorechangedsignificantly(P<0.01),andthetotaleffectiveratewas83.3%.Conclusion:Acupuncture-moxibustioncansignificantlyimprovethecognitivefunctionofADpatients,beneficialtothegeneralpromotionofthequalityoflife.

简介：AbstractAlzheimer disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia characterized by the progressive cognitive and social decline. Clinical drug targets have heavily focused on the amyloid hypothesis, with amyloid beta (Aβ), and tau proteins as key pathophysiologic markers of AD. However, no effective treatment has been developed so far, which prompts researchers to focus on other aspects of AD beyond Aβ, and tau proteins. Additionally, there is a mounting epidemiologic evidence that various environmental factors influence the development of dementia and that dementia etiology is likely heterogenous. In the past decades, new risk factors or potential etiologies have been widely studied. Here, we review several novel epidemiologic and clinical research developments that focus on sleep, hypoxia, diet, gut microbiota, and hearing impairment and their links to AD published in recent years. At the frontiers of AD research, these findings and updates could be worthy of further attention.

简介：AbstractBackground:Recent studies suggest that a healthy diet helps to prevent the development of Alzheimer disease (AD). This study aimed to investigate whether spicy food consumption is associated with cognition and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of AD in the Chinese population.Methods:We enrolled 55 AD patients and 55 age- and gender-matched cognitively normal (CN) subjects in a case-control study, as well as a cohort of 131 participants without subjective cognitive decline (non-AD) in a cross-sectional study. Spicy food consumption was assessed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Associations of FFQ scores with cognition and CSF biomarkers of AD were analyzed.Results:In the case-control study, spicy food consumption was lower in AD patients than that in CNs (4.0 [4.0-8.0] vs. 8.0 [4.5-10.0], P < 0.001); FFQ scores were positively associated with Mini-Mental Status Examination scores in the total sample (r = 0.218, P = 0.014). In the cross-sectional study, the association between spicy food consumption and cognition levels was verified in non-AD subjects (r = 0.264, P = 0.0023). Moreover, higher FFQ scores were significantly associated with higher β-Amyloid (1-42) (Aβ42) levels and lower phospho-tau/Aβ42 and total tau/Aβ42 ratios in the CSF of non-AD subjects (P < 0.05).Conclusion:Spicy food consumption is closely related to higher cognition levels and reversed AD biomarkers in the CSF, suggesting that a capsaicin-rich diet might have the potential to modify the cognitive status and cerebral pathologies associated with AD.

简介：AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI), a growing public health problem, is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, although its prevention measures and clinical cares are substantially improved. Increasing evidence shows that TBI may increase the risk of mood disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the complex relationship between TBI and AD remains elusive. Metabolic dysfunction has been the common pathology in both TBI and AD. On the one hand, TBI perturbs the glucose metabolism of the brain, and causes energy crisis and subsequent hyperglycolysis. On the other hand, glucose deprivation promotes amyloidogenesis via β-site APP cleaving enzyme-1 dependent mechanism, and triggers tau pathology and synaptic function. Recent findings suggest that TBI might facilitate Alzheimer's pathogenesis by altering metabolism, which provides clues to metabolic link between TBI and AD. In this review, we will explore how TBI-induced metabolic changes contribute to the development of AD.

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简介：AIM:ToexaminetheprotectiveeffectsofGinkgobilobaextract(GbE)onthelearningandmemoryintheAlzheimerdisease(AD)modelinducedbyaluminumsaltinrats,andtoexaminethepotentialmechanisms.METHODS.TheADmodelofratswasinducedbyadministrationanddrinkingofaluminumchloridesolution.Theabilitiesofspatialleafingand

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简介：Genisteiniseffectiveagainstamyloid-βtoxicity,buttheunderlyingmechanismsareunclear.Wehypothesizedthatgenisteinmayprotectneuronsbyinhibitingthemitochondrialapoptoticpathway,andtherebyplayaroleinthepreventionofAlzheimer'sdisease.AratmodelofAlzheimer'sdiseasewasestablishedbyintraperitonealinjectionofD-galactoseandintracerebralinjectionofamyloid-βpeptide(25–35).Inthegenisteintreatmentgroups,a7-daypretreatmentwithgenistein(10,30,90mg/kg)wasgivenpriortoestablishingAlzheimer'sdiseasemodel,for49consecutivedays.Terminaldeoxyribonucleotidyltransferase-mediateddUTPnickendlabelingassaydemonstratedareductioninapoptosisinthehippocampusofratstreatedwithgenistein.Westernblotanalysisshowedthatexpressionlevelsofcapase-3,Baxandcytochromecweredecreasedcomparedwiththemodelgroup.Furthermore,immunohistochemicalstainingrevealedreductionsincytochromecandBaximmunoreactivityintheserats.MorriswatermazerevealedasubstantialshorteningofescapelatencybygenisteininAlzheimer'sdiseaserats.Thesefindingssuggestthatgenisteindecreasesneuronallossinthehippocampus,andimproveslearningandmemoryability.Theneuroprotectiveeffectsofgenisteinareassociatedwiththeinhibitionofthemitochondrialapoptoticpathway,asshownbyitsabilitytoreducelevelsofcaspase-3,Baxandcytochromec.

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简介：Alzheimer’sdisease(AD)isoneofthemostdevastatingdiseasesaffectingthelifeandhealthofagingpopulation.TwohallmarksofADaresenileplaquesandneurofibrillarytangles,andADiswellknownforthemassivelossofneuronsandimpairedcognitivefunctionsespeciallymemoryloss.Despiteextensivesearchforeffectivetreatment,available

简介：Alzheimer’sdisease(AD)isthemostcommontypeofdementiainelderlypopulation.WithagrowingagingpopulationnotonlyintheUnitedStatesbutalsointheworldwide,ADconstitutesanemergentpublichealthproblem.Overdecades,theprevailinghypothesiswasthatneurodegenerationmightresultfromoneortwoofthespecificlesions

简介：Despitetheadvancesincombinatorialorsyntheticchemistryandbioinformatics,recentliteraturehasdemonstratedtherelevanceofnatureandbiomassasasourceofnewmoleculestotreatdifferentpathologies,i.e.,bioactivecompoundsobtainedfromEcteinascidiaturbinatetotreatsometypesofcancerorrapamycinfromStreptomyceshygroscopicustopreventorganrejectionaftertransplant.Thistrend