简介：无

简介：Objective:ToassesstheeffectofantiviraltherapyforhepatitisBvirus(HBV)-relatedhepatocellularcarcinoma(HCC)afterradicalhepatectomy.Methods:Atotalof478HBV-relatedHCCpatientstreatedbyradicalhepatectomywereretrospectivelycollected.Patientsinthetreatmentgroup(n=141)receivedpostoperativelamivudinetreatment(100mg/d),whereaspatientsinthecontrolgroup(n=337)didnot.Recurrence-freesurvival(RFS)rates,overallsurvival(OS)rates,treatmentsforrecurrentHCCandcauseofdeathwerecomparedbetweenthetwogroups.Propensityscorematching(PSM)analysiswasalsoconductedtoreduceconfoundingbiasbetweenthetwogroups.Results:The1-,3-,and5-yearRFSratesdidn’tsignificantlydifferbetweenthetwogroups(P=0.778);however,the1-,3-,and5-yearOSratesinthetreatmentgroupweresignificantlyhigherthanthoseinthecontrolgroup(P=0.002).Similarresultswereobservedinthematcheddata.SubgroupanalysisshowedthatantiviraltreatmentconferredasignificantsurvivalbenefitforBarcelonaClinicalLiverCancerstageA/Bpatients.FollowingHCCrecurrence,morepeopleinthetreatmentgroupwereabletochoosecurativetreatmentsthanthoseinthecontrolgroup(P=0.031).Forcauseofdeath,fewerpeopleinthetreatmentgroupdiedofliverfailurethanthoseinthecontrolgroup(P=0.041).Conclusion:PostoperativeantiviraltherapyincreaseschancesofreceivingcurativetreatmentsforrecurrentHCCandpreventsdeathbecauseofliverfailure,therebysignificantlyprolongingOS,especiallyinearly-orintermedian-stagetumors.

简介：

简介：最近的研究揭开了激活主人的二个发信号小径对病毒的感染的天生的免疫。小径之一利用像使用费的受体(TLR)的成员检测通过endocytosis进入内涵体的病毒的家庭。TLR小径通过最终导致抄写因素NF-kappaB，IRF3和IRF7的激活的几发信号的蛋白质导致干扰素生产。另外的抗病毒的小径为细胞内部的病毒的双strandedRNA把RNAhelicaseRIG-I用作受体。RIG-I通过最近识别的适配器蛋白质MAVS激活NF-kappaB和IRF，包含居住在mitochondrial膜的蛋白质的一个卡片领域。MAVS为抗病毒的天生的免疫是必要的，但是它也用作丙肝病毒(HCV)的一个目标，它采用病毒的朊酶劈开MAVS离开线粒体，从而允许HCV逃离主人免疫系统。

简介：基因治疗为癌症的治疗提供一条新途径。编码immunostimulatorycytokines的基因的转移与显著成功被使用了在动物消除癌症。然而，在有这策略的病人的临床的试用限制了功效。因此，基因转移向量系统的改进是必要的。混合病毒的向量，与鼠科的IL-12或记者LacZ基因由SFVreplicon组成，被构造。这混合向量在vitro并且在vivo在HCC显示出表示的特性和高水平。在一个老鼠orthotropic肝肿瘤模型，没有伴随毒性，由有mIL-12基因的混合向量的确定的肿瘤的治疗导致了一项强壮的反肿瘤活动。随后，助手依赖者侵入人体气管粘膜的病菌包含mifepristone(RU486)的向量可诱导的系统被构造为控制并且人的interleukin的肝特定的表示12(hIL-12)(HD-Ad/RUhIL-12)并且鼠标IL-12(mIL-12)(HD-Ad/RUmIL-12)。数据证明hIL-12的高、支撑的浆液层次能被继续RU486的管理达到每12或24h。hIL-12的重复正式就职能被获得在上，至少在HD-Ad/RUhIL-12的单个注射以后的48个星期的一个时期。肝转移与的处理HD-Ad/RUmIL-12，正RU846在所有动物导致了完全的肿瘤回归。然后，不同cytokine基因被插入到有条件的replicative侵入人体气管粘膜的病菌向量(也叫的oncolytic侵入人体气管粘膜的病菌)。在肿瘤房间的侵入人体气管粘膜的病菌的复制将杀死肿瘤房间和版本病毒，它感染包围肿瘤房间。由oncolytic侵入人体气管粘膜的病菌的cytopathic效果和transgene的生物效果的联合将施加强壮的反肿瘤活动。向量的这些新类型可以为癌症基因治疗提供一个有势力和安全工具。

简介：考生进入高三后，紧张的情绪会逐渐加深，每天可以听20-30分钟音乐舒缓一下情绪。

简介：Inthepastdecade,anincreasedamountofclinically-orientedresearchinvolvingimmunotoxinshasbeenpublished.Immunotoxinsareagroupofartificially-madecytotoxicmoleculestargetingcancercells.Thesemoleculescomposedofatargetingmoiety,suchasaligandoranantibody,linkedtotoxinmoiety,whichisatoxinwitheithertruncatedordeletedcell-bindingdomainthatpreventsitfrombindingtonormalcells.Immunotoxinscanbedividedintotwocategories:chemicallyconjugatedimmunotoxinsandrecombinantones.Theimmunotoxinsofthefirstcategoryhaveshownlimitedefficacyinclinicaltrialsinpatientswithhematologicmalignanciesandsolidtumors.Withinthelastfewyears,single-chainimmunotoxinsprovideenhancedtherapeuticefficacyoverconjugatedformsandresultinimprovedantitumoractivity.Inthisreview,webrieflyillustratethedesignoftheimmunotoxinsandtheirapplicationsinclinicaltrials.Cellular&MolecularImmunology.2005;2(2):106-112.

简介：IntroductionThereisnowanewwaytotreathypercholesterolemia,usingamonoclonalantibody(Evolocumab)thatbindstoandinhibitsPCSKA9.MostphysiciansknowthetermPCSK9buthavenoideawhatPCSK9standsfor(includingme).MypurposeforwritingthiseditorialistoeducatemyselfonwhatPCSK9isandwhatitdoes.MyhopeisthatIcanperhapseducatethosereadingthisdocumentaswell.

简介：

简介：ToexploretheantiviraleffectandmechanismofpolysaccharidefromSpirulinaplatensis(PSP)onherpessimplexvimstype2(HSV-2),astandardstrainofHSV-2(333strain)wasusedtoinvestigatetheantiviraleffectofPSPinvitro.PSPinvariousconcentrationswasappliedtodifferentstagesofHSV-2replicationcycle.Finally,thevirusinfectivity(TCID50),cytopathiceffect(CPE),andMTTstainingmethodforviablecells(MTTassay)wereusedasmarkerstoevaluatetheeffectofPSPonHSV-2.ThequantityofHSV-DNAwasdetectedbyreal-timefluorescencequantitativePCR(FQ-PCR).TheHSV-2infectedVerocellultrastructureswereobservedbytransmissionelectronmicroscopy(TEM).TheresultsshowedthatPSPhadlittlecytotoxiceffectonVerocells,itcouldnotdirectlyinactivateHSV-2infectivity.PSPnotonlyinterferedinadsorptionofHSV-2toVerocellsbutalsoinllibitedHSV-2biosynthesisinthecells.FQ-PCRresultsshowedthattheinhibitoryrateonHSV-DNAalsoincreasedinadose-dependentandtime-dependentmanner.TEMalsoconfirmedthatPSPexhibitedpronouncedinhibitoryeffectonHSV-2.Inconclusion,theantiviraleffectofPSPonHSV-2maybeattributedtotheinhibitionofvimsadsorption,vimsreplicationandsynthesisincells.

简介：HepatitisBvirus（HBV）isasignificantglobalpathogenandefficientcureforHBVpatientsisstillachallenginggoal.Wepreviouslyreportedthatacidicmucopolysaccharidefromstichopusjaponicusselenka（SJAMP）couldinhibitHBsAgandHBeAgexpressioninvitro.However,thepotentialanti-HBVeffectsofSJAMPinvivohavenotyetbeenexplored.Inthisstudy,weshowthatSJAMPexhibitspotentanti-HBVactivityinHBVtransgenicmiceinadose-dependentmanner.Specifically,sixtyHBVtransgenicmaleBALB/cmicewererandomlyselectedtoreceivethetreatmentofPBS,lowdoseSJAMP(30mgkg-1),middledoseSJAMP(40mgkg-1),highdoseSJAMP(50mgkg-1)andIFN(45IUkg-1)for30d.SJAMPtreatmentsuppressedserumHBV-DNA,andliverHBsAgandHBcAglevelsinHBV-transgenicmice.ThepresentstudyhighlightsthepotentialapplicationofSJAMPinHBVtherapy.

简介：Coronaryarterydisease(CAD)istheleadingcauseofdeathworldwide,butbecauseofseveralfactors,oneofwhichisantiplatelettherapy,themortalityrateshavesteadilydeclined.However,womencontinuetoexperiencehigherCADmortalityratesthanmen.Thismaybeexplainedbydifferencesincomorbidities,increasedtimetopresentation,higherbleedingrates,anddifferencesinmanagement.Therearenumerouslandmarktrialsinthefieldofantiplatelettherapy;however,womenareconsistentlyunderrepresentedinthesetrials.Theresultsofthesetrialsrevealthatwomenexperiencethesamebenefitasmenfromantiplatelettherapybutexperiencehigherbleedingrates;thereforebleeding-reductionstrategiesareimperativeinthispatientpopulation.ThisreviewprovidesanoverviewoftheavailableevidenceonCADinwomenanditsimplicationsforantiplateletmedications.

简介：Wehavereviewedthegenetherapyingastrointestinaldiseases^[1].GastriccanceriscommoninChina^(2-20),anditsearlydiagnosisandtreatmentarestilldifficultuptonow^(13-36).Theex-pressionofanexogenousgeneintroducedbygenetherapyintopa-tientswithgliomascanbemonitorednon-invasivelybypositron-emissiontornography^[4].

简介：质子放射疗法在hepatocellular癌(HCC)的治疗看见了一个增加的角色。历史上，外部横梁放射疗法由于毒性的高发生在HCC起了一个很有限的作用到包围正常结构。把放射的高剂量送到肿瘤的能力是在在HCC改进结果的一个关键因素。在光子放射疗法的进展改进了剂量一致并且允许剂量逐步上升到肿瘤。然而，尽管有这些进展，仍然有一个大量正常的肝，在处理期间收到可观的放射剂量。一旦他们进入身体，质子横梁没沿着横梁路径有出口剂量。质子放射疗法的固有的物理属性提供一个方法当避免过多的放射到留下的肝时，经由剂量逐步上升最大化肿瘤控制，因此增加的生物有效性。在这评论，我们在HCC为质子放射疗法讨论物理属性和基本原理。我们也关于为HCC的处理使用质子放射疗法的临床的结果考察最近的文学。

简介：Advancedagebringsahigherincidenceofthrombosis-relateddiseases.Althoughantithrombotictherapysignificantlyreducestheriskofischemicevents,relativelyhigherbleedingratesresultinincreasedmortalityandworseprognosisintheelderly.Thusthebenefitsandharmsofantithromboticdrugsshouldtobecarefullyevaluated.Inthisreview,wesummarizecurrentevidenceandupdatedguidelinesregardingantithrombotictherapyintheagingpopulation.

简介：ChinahasrecognizedthethreatofHIVtoitspopulationandrespondedwithanationalantiretroviraltreatment(ART)program.However,highARTfailureratesandthespreadofresistancewithinpopulationsareimportantrealitiestoconsiderwhendevelopingandmanagingARTprogramsinChinaandworldwide.Conceptswhichwilldefinetreatmentsuccessandlocalandnationalprogrammaticgoalsare1)accesstoART,2)durabilityofARTatthepatientlevel,3)scalabilityoftreatmentmodalities,andthe4)sustainabilityoftheprogramatthecommunityornationallevel.Inthefaceoflimitedresources,ChinamustalsoconsiderwhentostartARVtherapy,whichagentstouse,whentoswitchthem,andhowtotreathighlyexperiencedpatientswithdrugresistance.TheoptimalARVregimentostartwithischangingfrequentlywiththeintroductionofnewagentsandthepresentationofnewdata.Currently,aregimenincludingtenofovir,emtricitabineorlamivudineandanonnucleosidereversetranscriptaseinhibitorappearstohaveoptimalcharacteristicstotreatHIV/AIDSinChina.However,criticaltoallofthesechoicesistheevaluationofprogramsimplementedtoinsurewidescalesuccess.Chinahaswiselybegunthisprocessofevaluatingtheperformanceoflocalprogramsthroughsystematicmonitoringandevaluationoftreatmentoutcomes.Thiswillallowregimensandprogramsthatworktobeexpanded,andprogramswithhighfailureratestobeeliminated.Intheend,evidencebaseddatasupportingtreatmentstrategieswillallowChinatosuccessfullyconfrontitsAIDSepidemicearlyandpreventitstragicconsequences

简介：AbstractIncreasing numbers of targeted drugs are used in hormone receptor (HR)-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) to overcome or delay resistance to endocrine therapy. This study will systemically review the progress made in endocrine therapy combined with targeted therapy in the treatment of HR-positive MBC. From the "AI (aromatase inhibitor) era" represented by aromatase inhibitors, we have gradually entered the "post-AI era" represented by fulvestrant. Under the guidance of research on the molecular mechanism of endocrine therapy resistance, the "combination of endocrine therapy and targeted therapy" era is approaching. The development of drugs that target endocrine therapy resistance has concentrated on cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and inhibitors of drug targets in the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase-protein kinase B-mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K-AKT-mTOR) pathway, providing new strategies for HR-positive MBC. Exploring biomarkers to guide the more precise use of targeted drugs in endocrine therapy for MBC is the focus of current and future research.

简介：

简介：AbstractThe maternal-fetal interface is a key barrier to protect the fetus from infection. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) at the maternal-fetal interface are involved in antiviral responses. TLRs are expressed in both maternal decidua and fetal trophoblasts. Virus-induced activation of TLR signaling pathways triggers the release of interferon-related antiviral molecules and other inflammatory cytokines and/or chemokines by the host innate immune system, which may disrupt immune tolerance at the maternal-fetal interface and lead to pregnancy complications. In this review, we summarize the state of knowledge on the most common viral infections during pregnancy, antiviral TLR responses at the maternal-fetal interface, and TLR-associated pregnancy complications.

简介：